The large land area requirement of constructed wetlands (CWs) is a major limitation of its application especially in densely populated and mountainous areas. This review paper provides insights on different strategies applied for the reduction of land area including stack design and intensification of CWs with different aeration methods. The impacts of different aeration methods on the performa...

Removal of sulfide species from municipal sewage conveyance systems by dosage of iron salts is a relatively common practice. However, the reactions that occur between dissolved iron and sulfide species in municipal sewage media have not yet been fully quantified, and practical application relies heavily on empirical experience, which is often site specific. The aim of this work was to combine t...

The finding that ferredoxin and photosynthetic pyridine nucleotide reductase contain approximately equimolar amounts of “labile” sulfide and nonheme iron, and that both of these components are liberated in inorganic form with attendant inactivation upon acid treatment of these proteins (3-5), has stimulated considerable interest in the chemical nature and function of labile sulfide in oxidizing...

The decreased capacity of the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) to oxygenate xenobiotics including trimethylamine is believed to contribute to metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to functionally characterize FMO3 variants recently found in a Japanese population and compare them with selective functional activity of other FMO3 variants. Recombinant Glu158Lys and Glu158Lys-Glu30...

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) can be used to simultaneously convert wastewater organics to hydrogen and precipitate struvite, but scale formation at the cathode surface can block catalytic active sites and limit extended operation. To promote bulk phase struvite precipitation and minimize cathode scaling, a two-chamber MEC was designed with a fluidized bed to produce suspended particles a...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Akagare and Akiochi are diseases of rice associated with sulfide toxicity. This study investigates the possibility that rice reacts to sulfide by producing impermeable barriers in roots. METHODS Root systems of rice, Oryza sativa cv. Norin 36, were subjected to short-term exposure to 0.174 mm sulfide (5.6 ppm) in stagnant solution. Root growth was monitored; root permeabil...

Intermittent aeration process can be easily applied on the existing activated sludge system and is highly reliable against the loading changes. It can be operated in a relatively simple way as well. Since the moving-bed biofilm reactor method processes pollutants by attaching and securing the microorganisms on the media, the process efficiency can be higher compared to the suspended growth biol...