At dip equatorial stations in the Indian zone, spread-F conditions are known to develop preferentially around midnight during the June solstice (northern summer) months of low solar activity, in association with a distinct increase in F layer height. It is currently held that this onset of spread-F far away from the sunset terminator is due to the generalised Rayleigh-Taylor instability mechani...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of starch supplementation and season (summer vs winter) on blood metabolites and certain minerals and hormones in alloxan-diabetic and normal nondiabetic rabbits. In both seasons,alloxan induced significant lowering of serum insulin level associated with significantly higher plasma glucose levels. Starch supplementation increased in...

The dominant rumen bacteria in high-arctic Svalbard reindeer were characterized, their population densities were estimated, and ruminal pH was determined in summer, when food quality and availability are good, and in winter, when they are poor. In summer the total cultured viable population density was (2.09 +/- 1.26) X 10(10) cells ml-1, whereas in winter it was (0.36 +/- 0.29) X 10(10) cells ...

This paper aims at studying a trigeneration system, based on an internal combustion engine and a steam ejector refrigeration system. The designed cycle is to generate cooling and heating energies, and supply power simultaneously. The cycle is studied from thermodynamics point of view and for this purpose, the first law of thermodynamics is applied to all components of the cycle. The efficiency ...

This paper discusses a simulation obtained with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ‘‘SKYHI’’ troposphere–stratosphere–mesosphere general circulation model run at very high horizontal resolution (;60-km grid spacing) and without any parameterization of subgrid-scale gravity wave drag. The results are for a period around the austral winter solstice, and the emphasis is on the simulated Sou...

Passerines that are year-round residents in temperate climates undergo seasonal acclimatization that facilitates maintenance of thermoregulatory homeostasis. These changes in thermoregulatory metabolism must be supported by equivalent changes in oxygen transport. We measured the effects of ambient temperature and time of day on metabolism and ventilation in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) in...

this paper aims at studying a trigeneration system, based on an internal combustion engine and a steam ejector refrigeration system. the designed cycle is to generate cooling and heating energies, and supply power simultaneously. the cycle is studied from thermodynamics point of view and for this purpose, the first law of thermodynamics is applied to all components of the cycle. the efficiency ...

An Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar was used to obtain the first measurements of middle atmosphere temperatures, Fe densities, and polar mesospheric louds (PMCs) over the North and South Poles during the 1999-2000 summer seasons. The measured temperature structure of the mesopause and lower thermosphere regions in mid-summer at both Poles is consistent with the MSIS90 model. The density profiles ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) rhythms in winter and summer in the healthy population of Shanghai, China.This is a cross-sectional study in which 24-hour IOP measurements were taken for all eligible healthy volunteers in winter and summer, respectively, and the temperature, hours of sunlight (sunlight time), and circulatory par...

Foliage samples were taken from sixteen trees in eight natural populations of Juniper us pinchotii Sudw. in July and again in January to determine if seasonal variations occur in the volatile terpenoids and if the summer or winter collections would be more variable. Gas/liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that significant differences do occur from summer to winter in the relative compositi...