Aims. To report the results of lateral rectus muscle recession, medial rectus muscle resection, and superior oblique muscle transposition in the restoration and maintenance of ocular alignment in primary position for patients with total third-nerve palsy. Methods. The medical records of patients who underwent surgery between March 2007 and September 2011 for total third-nerve palsy were reviewe...

BACKGROUND Congenital superior oblique palsy is usually associated with a structural abnormality of the superior oblique tendon. There have been many reports of familial congenital superior oblique palsy. However, there has been no MRI documentation of familial superior oblique hypoplasia. METHODS Ophthalmological examination and orbital MRI were performed in three patients in a pedigree with...

PURPOSE Rectus and the inferior oblique extraocular muscles (EOMs) consist of orbital layers (OLs), inserting on connective tissues, and global layers (GLs), inserting on the sclera. This study was performed to clarify the anatomic relationships of the corresponding layers of the superior oblique (SO) muscle. METHODS Two whole human and two monkey orbits were serially sectioned en bloc at 10-...

Tenotomy or tenectomy is at present the most usual procedure for diminishing the action of the superior oblique muscle (SO). Hughes and Bogart (1942) described the recession of the trochlea but this procedure has not been generally accepted. Foster (1946) performed a recession of the SO after temporary division of the superior rectus with a reasonably good result, but his technique was apparent...

PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of the oblique muscles surgical weakening on the horizontal alignment in the primary position (PP) and its efficacy on the correction of the "A" and "V" anisotropies. METHODS In order to study the influence of bilateral superior oblique muscles (SO) weakening on the horizontal alignment in PP, we analyzed the files of 12 patients who underwent only that opera...

PURPOSE To review the history of procedures used to strengthen the action of the superior oblique (SO) muscle and methods of quantifying surgical dosage and to determine the relationship between congenital onset and tendon laxity measured at the time of surgery. METHODS We reviewed medical records over a 10-year period of 30 patients who had undergone SO tendon tuck for SO muscle palsy using ...

PURPOSE Intramuscular innervation of mammalian horizontal rectus extraocular muscles (EOMs) is compartmental. We sought evidence of similar compartmental innervation of the superior oblique (SO) muscle. METHODS Three fresh bovine orbits and one human orbit were dissected to trace continuity of SO muscle and tendon fibers to the scleral insertions. Whole orbits were also obtained from four hum...

Tenotomy or tenectomy is at present the most usual procedure for diminishing the action of the superior oblique muscle (SO). Hughes and Bogart (1942) described the recession of the trochlea but this procedure has not been generally accepted. Foster (1946) performed a recession of the SO after temporary division of the superior rectus with a reasonably good result, but his technique was apparent...