The supernova physics may provide a clue of the cosmological dark matter. In the absence of new physics, the supernova calculations do not explain the observed velocities of pulsars. However, if there exists a singlet fermion with mass in the 1–20 keV range and a small mixing with neutrinos, this particle could be emitted asymmetrically from a cooling neutron star in the event of a supernova ex...

The coherent contribution of all neutrons in neutrino nucleus scattering due to the neutral current offers a realistic prospect of detecting supernova neutrinos. As a matter of fact. for a typical supernova at 10 kpc, about 1000 events are expected using a spherical gaseous detector of radius 4 m and employing Xe gas at a pressure of 10 Atm. We propose a world wide network of several such simpl...

Neutrino-matter interaction rates are central to the core collapse phenomenon and, perhaps, to the viability of the mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions. In this paper we catalog and discuss the major neutrino scattering, absorption, and production processes that together influence the outcome of core collapse and the cooling of protoneutron stars. These are the essential inputs into...

Core collapse supernovae are a huge source of all flavor neutrinos. The flavor composition, energy spectrum and time structure of the neutrino burst from a galactic supernova can provide information about the explosion mechanism and the mechanisms of proto neutron star cooling. Such data can also give information about the intrinsic properties of the neutrino such as flavor oscillations. One im...

In this study, physiological and morphological responses of five almond cultivars to drought stress were investigated under in vitro conditions. Plantlets from five commercial almond cultivars (Supernova’, ‘Tuono’, ‘Sahand’, ‘Ferragnes ’ and ‘Shahroud 21’] were established in MS medium containing 0.5 mg per liter BAP and then subcultured  in MS proliferation medium containing 1 mg per liter BAP...

The evidence for particle acceleration in supernova shells comes from electrons whose synchrotron emission is observed in radio and X-rays. Recent observations by the HESS instrument reveal that supernova remnants also emit TeV g-rays, long-awaited experimental evidence that supernova remnants can accelerate cosmic rays up to the “knee” energies. Still, uncertainty exists whether these g-rays a...

We demonstrate that the detection of shock modulations of the neutrino spectra from a galactic core-collapse supernova is sufficient to obtain a high significance determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy if the supernova event is observed in both a Mton-class water Cherenkov detector and a 100 kton-class liquid argon detector. Neither detailed supernova neutrino flux modelling nor observati...

We review the basic properties of the different supernova types identified in the current taxonomy, with emphasis on the more recent developments. To help orienting in the variegate zoo, the optical photometric and spectroscopic properties of the different supernova types are presented in a number of summary figures. We also report the latest estimates of the supernova rates and stress the need...

Supernova remnants are beautiful astronomical objects that are also of high scientific interest, because they provide insights into supernova explosion mechanisms, and because they are the likely sources of Galactic cosmic rays. X-ray observations are an important means to study these objects. And in particular the advances made in X-ray imaging spectroscopy over the last two decades has greatl...