supply chain management is a set of guidelines for integration of chains, which aims to reduce costs and increase system services to customers. one of the most important issues for supply chain stockholders is procuring and purchasing requested items in a timely manner. thus, a variety of models have been proposed as purchasing strategy in supply chains. group purchasing is a system which leads...

In this paper, we study the licensing of cost-reducing innovations in a duopoly under supply function competition. We show that innovator prefers fixed-fee to no if its cost advantage is not extremely large. Moreover, small, and mixed revenue-royalty licensing. This second result arises only because our assumption functions are quadratic. linear royalty payments per unit output, strictly also m...

The globalization of supply and demand has resulted in increasingly complex supply chain interaction strategies across different industries. Since the different interaction strategies are associated with different types of interdependence between partners, the impact of these strategies on cost information visibility across a supply chain network merits further investigation. The importance of ...