A man aged 26 had three Mantoux tests in France in January, March, and June 1966; they were negative and he was therefore advised to have a B.C.G. vaccination six months later. On 6 January 1967 he attended the casualty department of another hospital with an ampoule of B.C.G. vaccine (designed for percutaneous multiple puncture) from the Institut Pasteur. This is more than 10 times stronger tha...

Thymomas are rare neoplasm of Anterior Mediastinum originating within the epithelial cells thymus and it is exceedingly uncommon in children young adults, rises incidence middle age, peaks seventh decade life. One third to one half patients present with an asymptomatic anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiograph, local symptoms (cough, pain, superior vena cava syndrome, and/or dysphagia), cas...

Physiologic surgical options, including vascularized lymph node transplant and lymphovenous bypass are becoming increasingly popular interventions for the treatment of lymphedema both upper lower extremities. Many different donor sites have been described, submental, lateral thoracic, superficial groin, supraclavicular, various intraabdominal sites. This paper describes a step-by-step approach ...

Penetrating trauma is an injury caused by a foreign object piercing the skin and damaging underlying tissues results in open wound. The most common cause of such are gun shots, explosive devices stab wounds. These penetrating injuries if neglected can result various complications like neurovascular compromise, flexor or extensor tendon injuries, ischemic changes, infection it even go for compar...

Objectives Cervical nerves block cannot be performed on some patients because of the risk of phrenic nerve paralysis. To overcome this limitation, we discovered the site of selective only supraclavicular nerve block at the subclavian site. Case report We present the case of a 62-year-old woman with clavicular fracture. We performed a selective block of the supraclavicular nerve and the fifth ...

INTRODUCTION The majority of ovarian cancer recurrences are in the abdomen. However, some cases relapse as isolated lymph node metastases, mostly in pelvic or para-aortic nodes. Peripheral isolated lymph node metastasis is rare. CASE PRESENTATION A 69-year-old Japanese woman had recurrent ovarian cancer presenting with isolated right supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. After surgical resec...

BACKGROUND Irradiation of the supraclavicular fossa is commonly used as part of adjuvant breast radiotherapy. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may be used to target this region accurately, and there are subgroups of patients that may benefit more from IMRT than others. We identify the benefit of IMRT over fixed-depth dose prescription to the supraclavicular fossa in patients of different...

Due to the angulation of the breast board used for tangential breast irradiation, additional normal lung tissues are included in the supraclavicular field. This work investigates a method to reduce the lung volume and dose delivered during supraclavicular irradiation for breast cancer. Ten patients included for this retrospective study received chest wall and supraclavicular irradiation followi...

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading global cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Radiotherapy plays a significant role in treatment of breast cancer and reduces locoregional recurrence and eventually improves survival. The treatment fields applied for breast cancer treatment include: tangential, axillary, supraclavicular and internal mammary ...