We examine a fluid dynamic model for the evolution of a precorneal tear film that includes evaporation of the aqueous layer and a wetting corneal surface. Our model extends previous work on the break-up time for a post-blink tear film to include a more realistic model for evaporation. The evaporation model includes the effects of conjoining pressure and predicts the existence of an equilibrium ...

Adopted by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO in 2010 and International Union Geodesy Geophysics (IUGG) 2011, Thermodynamic Equation Seawater (TEOS-10) is current geophysical standard for thermodynamic properties humid air, seawater ice. TEOS-10 equations evaporation sublimation enthalpies are derived mathematically from potential a »sea air« model, denoting multi-ph...

We study numerically essentially unsteady evaporation and heat transfer of a rarefied gas using the S-model kinetic equation. Three particular cases are considered: one-dimensional flow from a flat surface and purely radial flows from the surface of a cylinder or a sphere. We present numerical results for different values of the evaporation coefficient and saturatedvapor density which demonstra...

We describe a new mechanism for reheating the Universe through evaporation of a surface charge of a fragmented inflaton condensate. We show that for a range of Yukawa coupling of the inflaton to the matter sector evaporation gives rise to a much smaller reheat temperature compared to the standard perturbative decay. As a consequence, reheating through a surface effect could solve the gravitino ...

Crop coefficient curves provide simple, reproducible means to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ET) from weather-based reference ET values. The dual crop coefficient sKcd method of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States (FAO) Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 (FAO-56) is intended to improve daily simulation of crop ET by considering separately the contribution of evapora...

To reconstruct oceanographic variations in the subtropical South Pacific, 271-year long subseasonal time series of Sr/Ca and O were generated from a coral growing at Rarotonga (21.5°S, 159.5°W). In this case, coral Sr/Ca appears to be an excellent proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) and coral O is a function of both SST and seawater O composition ( Osw). Here, we focus on extracting the Osw...

The spontaneous spreading of a thin liquid film along the surface of a deep liquid layer of higher surface tension is a ubiquitous process which provides rapid and efficient surface transport of organic or biological material. For a source of constant concentration, the leading edge of a nonvolatile, immiscible film driven to spread by gradients in surface tension is known to advance as t in ti...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of gas flow during insufflation on peritoneal fluid and peritoneal tissue regarding transient thermal behavior and thin-film evaporation. The effects of laparoscopic gas on peritoneal cell desiccation and peritoneal fluid thin-film evaporation were analyzed. METHODS Measurment of tissue and peritoneal fluid and analysis of gas flow dynamics during laparoscopy. ...

The evaporation and dynamics of a multicomponent droplet on a heated chemical patterned surface were presented. Comparing to the evaporation process of a multicomponent droplet on a homogenous surface, it is found that the chemical patterned surface can not only enhance evaporation by elongating the contact line, but also change the evaporation process from three regimes for the homogenous surf...