In open channel, canals and rivers, a rapid increase in flow depth will induce a positive surge, also called bore or compression wave. The positive surge is a translating hydraulic jump. Herein new experiments were conducted in a large-size rectangular channel to characterise the unsteady turbulent properties, including the coupling between free-surface and velocity fluctuations. Experiments we...

wall-jet flow is an important flow field in hydraulic engineering, and its applications include flow from the bottom outlet of dams and sluice gates. in this paper, the plane turbulent wall jet in shallow tailwater is simulated by solving the reynolds averaged navier-stokes equations using the standard  turbulence closure model. this study aims to explore the ability of a time splitting method ...

PURPOSE To assess the relationship between the thinnest corneal location and the steepest and maximum elevation corneal locations in subjects with keratoconus and the effect of gas permeable contact lens wear on the location of these points. METHODS Sixty-one consecutive subjects (98 eyes) with keratoconus. Thirty-one (49 eyes) and 30 (49 eyes) subjects were gas permeable contact lens (CL-W) ...

In this paper, the hydrodynamic and free surface elevation fields in breaking waves are simulated by solving integral contravariant forms of three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations that expressed a generalized time-dependent curvilinear coordinate system, which vertical moves following surface. A new k−l turbulence model form is proposed; model, mixing length, l, defined as function maximum w...

In an open channel, a sudden drop in water elevation is associated with a negative surge. Practical applications include the ebb tide motion in estuaries with macro-tidal conditions, the rundown of the swash, and the retreat of tsunami waters after reaching the maximum runup. Herein a physical study is presented with a focus on the effects of bed roughness. Detailed measurements were performed ...

This study utilized a two-dimensional numerical viscous wave tank to simulate the run-up and run-down processes of non-breaking solitary waves on steep seawall. The research aimed investigate transformation between potential energy kinetic energy, evolution mechanisms flow fields, correlation dynamic pressure gradient reverse near sloping bed. model results were consistent with laboratory measu...

Numerous high elevation tropical mountains around the world show evidence of past glacial activity during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Cerro Chirripó in Costa Rica exhibits paleoglacial landforms such as cirques, moraine deposits and polished striated bedrock surfaces. We used aerial imagery (1:25000) contour lines to develop a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for LGM. determined paleo-equilibrium ...

BACKGROUND Patients who have shoulder pain usually have compensatory or contributory deviation of shoulder motion during arm elevation. In the traditional scapulohumeral rhythm, the share of the acromioclavicular (AC) and the sternoclavicular (SC) joint movements and also the role of AC internal rotation angle are unknown. OBJECTIVES The main purpose of this study was to measure and compare t...

The value of the electrocardiogram in assessing infarct size was studied using serial estimates of the MB isomer of creatine kinase (CK MB) in plasma, serial 35 lead praecordial maps in 28 patients with anterior myocardial infarction, and serial 12 lead electrocardiograms in 17 patients with inferior myocardial infarction. In patients with anterior infarcts, sigma ST, sigma R, sigma Q, sigma R/...

Clear daytime skies persistently display a subtle local maximum of radiance near the astronomical horizon. Spectroradiometry and digital image analysis confirm this maximum's reality, and they show that its angular width and elevation vary with solar elevation, azimuth relative to the Sun, and aerosol optical depth. Many existing models of atmospheric scattering do not generate this near-horizo...