Electron acceleration in high Mach number perpendicular shocks is investigated through two-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. We simulate the shock foot region by modeling particles that consist of three components such as incident protons and electrons and reflected protons in the initial state which satisfies the Buneman instability condition. In contrast to previous...

When a neutral mutation arises in an invading population, it quickly either dies out or 'surfs', i.e. it comes to occupy almost all the habitat available at its time of origin. Beneficial mutations can also surf, as can deleterious mutations over finite time spans. We develop descriptive statistical models that quantify the relationship between the probability that a mutation will surf and demo...

In the standard Random Surfer Model, the teleportation matrix is necessary to ensure that the final PageRank vector is well-defined. The introduction of this matrix, however, results in serious problems and imposes fundamental limitations to the quality of the ranking vectors. In this work, building on the recently proposed NCDawareRank framework, we exploit the decomposition of the underlying ...

The way that web services are currently being developed places them beside rather than within the existing World Wide Web. In this paper we present an approach that combines the strength of the World Wide Web, viz. interlinked HTML pages for presentation and human consumption, with the strength of semantic web services, viz. support for semi-automatic composition and invocation of web services ...

This article surveys published narratives about surfing and sharks in Australia over the past century, mapping representations across various genres forms of writing. These include works non-fiction (including for younger readers), memoir, travel writing, humour other long-form creative nonfiction. writing has been analysed using thematic analysis to provide an Anthropocene-informed reading cha...

The social and economic benefits of the coastal zone make it one of the most treasured environments on our planet. Yet it is vulnerable to increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Coastal management aims to mitigate these pressures while augmenting the socio-economic benefits the coastal region has to offer. However, coastal management is challenged by inadequate sampling of key en...

With wireless technologies extending to every part of our daily lives, mobile networking applications are becoming increasingly popular for accessing the Internet. Among them, web surfing is one of the most important applications because the World Wide Web, unencumbered by geographic boundaries, has accelerated the dissemination of information and knowledge via the Internet. In this paper, we p...

Background: Surfing is a sport that has become considerably popular, which increased interest in research about the aspects that can influence on the performance of these athletes, such as injuries, aerobic fitness and reaction time. Due to the ever-changing environment and high instability required for surfing, the surfers must develop some neuromuscular skills (agility, balance, muscle streng...