During walking, cutaneous reflexes in ankle flexor muscle [tibialis anterior (TA)] evoked by tibial nerve (TIB) stimulation are predominantly facilitatory at early swing phase but reverse to suppression at late swing phase. Although the TIB innervates a large portion of the skin of the foot sole, the extent to which specific foot-sole regions contribute to the reflex reversals during walking re...

This article reports the use of electrical stimulation to provide paraplegic patients with complete lesions of the spinal cord the ability to rise from sitting to standing, to maintain a standing position, and to walk with a reciprocal gait. Four channels of electrical stimulation are sufficient for synthesis of a simple reciprocal gait pattern in these patients. During the double-stance phase,...

Overhead transmission lines are influenced by different factors which are mostly electrical and mechanical. These factors can cause problems for lines, distortions in network and outage of line. In designing transmission lines mechanical properties are evaluated after selecting a suitable conductor and clearance with regard to electrical properties. In lines designing, an important mechanical p...

The gait patterns of eighteen patients who had had a single infarct due to obstruction of the middle cerebral artery were evaluated within one week after the patients had resumed independent walking and before a gait rehabilitation program had been initiated. Gait was analyzed with use of motion analysis, force-plate recordings, and dynamic surface electromyographic studies of the muscles of th...

1. In this, the fifth article in a series to assess changes in posture, hindlimb dynamics, and muscle synergies associated with backward (BWD) quadrupedal walking, we compared the recruitment of three biarticular muscles of the cat's anterior thigh (anterior sartorius, SAa; medial sartorius, SAm; rectus femoris, RF) for forward (FWD) and BWD treadmill walking. Electromyography (EMG) records fro...

The purpose of this article is to inform clinicians of the relevant knowledge gained from research in the field of prosthetics. From a biomechanical point of view, clinicians need relevant knowledge in order to properly prescribe a lower limb prosthesis, including prosthetic components. In this context, and due to the lack of data regarding their utility, a strength-weakness analysis of 8 types...

Arms swing during standing back somersaults relates to three different "gymnastics schools", each is considered "optimal" by its adepts. In the three cases, technical performance, elevation and safety differ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the mechanical variables of three different arms swing techniques in the performance of a standing back tucked somersault. Five high-level m...

A three-dimensional dynamic simulation of walking was used together with induced position analysis to determine how kinematic conditions at toe-off and muscle forces following toe-off affect peak knee flexion during the swing phase of normal gait. The flexion velocity of the swing-limb knee at toe-off contributed 30 degrees to the peak knee flexion angle; this was larger than any contribution f...

ABSTRACT We explore the interplay between in-plane and vertical dynamics in stellar discs within framework of shearing box approximation. Julian Toomre used sheet to show that leading density waves are amplified as they swing into trailing ones. extend their formalism dimension perpendicular disc obtain explicit solutions for disc’s response an impulsive, external excitation. An excitation is s...