vegetable tannins are the main factor of tanning in historical leathers. the identification of tannins in vegetable tanned leathers is not only importantin determining chemical characterization, production technology and structural nature of the leather, but it is also efficient at the evaluation of new vegetable tannins for conservation purposes. previous studies have also shown that chemical ...

It is rather strange that today I am talking about chrome-free tannages when I have devoted my whole life to improving the chrome-tanning system. When I was a student, I wondered why chrome tanned leather that stood the boil, did so only for about 1 to 2 minutes. My ambition was to find out how leather could be treated like textile, and we discovered and patented a product and process for impro...

Looseness is defect that affects the quality of a significant proportion of leather, particularly bovine leather. This defect causes a wrinkled appearance on the leather surface and results in a significant reduction in the leathers value. The structural mechanism and causes of looseness in leather are not well understood; therefore this study aims to gain a better understanding of this. We hav...

Reduction of Worker Exposure to Solvents by means of an Occupational Health Program: An Experience at a Synthetic Leather Factory in Taiwan: Hsien-Wen KUO, et al. Institute of Environmental Health, China Medical College— Objective—To assess the effects of an occupational health program which was to reduce synthetic leather workers’ exposure to solvents (N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), epichlorohy...

Introduction Effluents from leather industries contain high organic and inorganic loadings, and dissolved and suspended solids1,2. Apart from chemicals used in tanning process, other chemicals released from skin and hide contribute chemical oxygen demand (COD, 1000-4000 mg/l), biological oxygen demand (BOD, 300-800 mg/l) and total organic carbon (TOC, 350-1500 mg/l) of wastewater. Syntans (synt...

The mortality of 833 male tannery workers known to have been employed in the industry in 1939 and who were followed up to the end of 1982 was studied. A total of 573 men had been employed in making leather tanned by vegetable extracts for soles and heels, and 260 men had used chrome tanning to make leather for the upper parts of shoes. No significant excesses of deaths were found for any of the...

Asurlu tüccarlar, Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Dönemi’nde, Anadolu’daki şehir devletlerinde Asur’dan getirdikleri temel ürünler olan kalay ve çeşitli yün kumaşların dışında, Anadolu menşeli bakır gibi ürünlerin de ticaretini yaparak kazançlarını artırma gayreti içinde olmuşlardır. Tüccarların yaptıkları bu ürünlere yine şehirlerinden tedarik edilen deri ya da post eklenebilir. Kültepe tabletlerinde ...

Natural colorants play a vital role in the production of eco-leather by substituting environmentally hazardous and toxic synthetic dyestuffs. In this study, natural dye is extracted optimized from bark Ficus sycomorus, plant species locally known as shola, designing different combinations concentration, temperature, time parameters. A 120 g/l concentration at temperature 1000°C for 60 minutes s...

In this investigation, the effects of formulation and processing factors on the adhesion between polyurethane (PU) and plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (pPVC) layers was studied using the Taguchi method for experimental design. Among the many factors, nine parameters were screened and tested at two or three levels, taking advantage of the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array. The factors studied were P...