Non-point source (NPS) pollution has been increasingly serious in China since the 1990s. The increases of agricultural NPS pollution in China is evaluated for the period 2000-2008 by surveying the literature on water and soil pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and assessing the surplus nitrogen balance within provinces. The main causes for NPS pollution were excessive inputs of nitrogen...

Two common waste materials, red mud and fly ash, were used to produce a new nano-hybrid adsorbent by heat treatment with alkali addition. The new zeolitic structure formation of the hybrid adsorbent was revealed using the BET surface area, XRD, and SEM analyses. This hybrid adsorbent was utilized to remove arsenic from synthetic and real waste waters by batch and column adsorption experiments. ...

A constitutive model is proposed to describe the stress-strain behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW) under loading using the critical state soil mechanics framework. The modified cam clay model is extended to incorporate the effects of mechanical creep and time dependent biodegradation to calculate total compression under loading. Model parameters are evaluated based on one-dimensional compre...

Boscia senegalensis is a drought resistant shrub whose seeds are used in West Africa as food. However, the seeds, or hanza, taste bitter which can be cured by soaking them in water for 4-7 days. The waste water resulting from the processing takes up the bitter taste, which makes it unsuitable for consumption. When used for irrigation, allelopathic effects were observed. Glucosinolates and their...

The techniques of waste water treatment have reached nowadays a very advanced stage of development. As a result of the importance that must be attributed to this area, the Commission on Water Quality of IUPAC has decided to give a survey of processes which are used now. Beside the conventional mechanical and biological waste water treatment preferably flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, ev...

Municipal sewage sludge is a solid, semisolid, or liquid muddy looking residue that results after plain old sewage (human and other waste from households and industries) is treated at a waste water treatment plant. Recent restrictions on the use of sewage sludge, however, have resulted in increased disposal problems. Sludge contains a variety of organic and inorganic compounds in the waste wate...

An aluminous montmorillonite has been synthesized at hydrothermal conditions (623 K, 120 MPa) and compared to the natural Na-exchanged Wyoming montmorillonite (Na-SWy2). The synthetic product is characterized by a high cation exchange capacity (83 meq/100g) and ethylene glycol specific surface area (764 m 2 /g) similar to Na-SWy2 but with a higher purity with one crystalline phase. Compacted sm...

We report the use of a simple yet highly effective magnetite-waste tea composite to remove lead(II) (Pb(2+)) ions from water. Magnetite-waste tea composites were dispersed in four different types of water-deionized (DI), artificial rainwater, artificial groundwater and artificial freshwater-that mimic actual environmental conditions. The water samples had varying initial concentrations (0.16-5....

sugar beet roots and attached soil are usually transferred to sugar factories for processing ,then the roots are washed by pressurized water. muddy water as waste flows in canal and is used to irrigate fields. the possibility of occurrence and fluctuations of the pathogenic organisms in waste were studied in 2005. the samples were collected from waste water once a week. isolation of pathogens w...