Objective. To describe treatment patterns and factors influencing treatment in a real-world setting of US patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). Methods. This was a retrospective claims-based study among patients with MM diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 identified from MarketScan databases. Results. Of 2546 MM patients, 66.8% received surgery, 44.7% received radiation, 38.7% received systemic t...

Since ancient times, drugs have been administered via the nasal route for therapeutic and recreational purposes. The interest in, and importance, of the systemic effects of drugs administered through the nasal route, have expanded over recent decades. Intra-nasal administration of drugs offers an interesting alternative for achieving systemic therapeutic effects of drugs that are comparable to ...

Systemic therapy is one of a number of treatment options routinely used in the management of advanced, unresectable neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). In contrast to many of the other NET treatment modalities, there is at least some evidence base to justify its use. Even so, well-designed clinical trials are limited, since conducting clinical research in this complex group of rare cancers is challe...

Risk diversification is the basis of insurance and investment. It is thus crucial to study the effects that could limit it. One of them is the existence of systemic risk that affects all of the policies at the same time. We introduce here a probabilistic approach to examine the consequences of its presence on the risk loading of the premium of a portfolio of insurance policies. This approach co...

BACKGROUND Evidence-based recommendations for therapeutic decision making in childhood psoriasis are lacking. OBJECTIVES We sought to systematically review all available literature concerning treatment efficacy and safety in childhood psoriasis and to propose a recommendation for topical and systemic treatment of childhood psoriasis. METHODS Databases searched were PubMed, EMBASE, and the C...

Thyroid nodules are common, occurring in almost two-thirds of some populations; among these only about 7% are malignant. The most important question with any new discovered thyroid nodule is, “is this malignant?” The main arbiter of malignancy or benignity remains fine needle aspiration and the mainstay of treatment surgery. But given the resources involved, doing an FNAC or surgery in every di...

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy is standard of care for many tumors, especially gastrointestinal ones. has potential advantages, including tumor downstaging, early treatment micrometastatic disease and possibility to evaluate biology in order personalize treatment. Currently, perioperative chemotherapy isn’t the advanced colon cancer. Limitations widespread use have included inaccurate radiologica...

Camila Vergara’s Systemic Corruption is an extraordinarily rich, provocative and original work of political theory, which makes several compelling interventions in the normative literature. It develops a forceful critique overly narrow definitions corruption, insisting that more ‘systemic’ conception required order to grasp scale oligarchic domination contemporary democracies. also points out l...

the systemic complications of blood donation are the first reasons why patients fail to return for further blood donation. this study was designed to determine the frequency of these complications and their associated risk factors among blood donors in tehran. also, we aimed to provide suitable methods to decrease the frequency of these adverse events, thereby eliminating the most important cau...