The (Feynman) propagator $G(x_2,x_1)$ encodes the entire dynamics of a massive, free scalar field propagating in an arbitrary curved spacetime. usual procedures for computing -- either as time ordered correlator or from partition function defined through path integral requires introduction $\phi(x)$ and its action functional $A[\phi(x)]$. An alternative, more geometrical, procedure is to define...

This paper is the second of a two-part series assessing the feasibility of using the J-integral with full-field deformation data from Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to characterize toughness in continuous fiber, SiCf/SiCc ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). In Part I, line and area integral adaptations of the J-integral were validated with analytical and experimental deformation fields. It was f...

structural health monitoring of cracked structures is one of beloved subject of researchers recently. consider of crack behavior in the water and energy pipeline is important because of environmental problems. in this paper consider of crack parameters in the underwater pipe subjected to mechanical transient load is investigated. for this purpose, three- dimensional parametric model of cracked ...

For a general spin glass model with asymmetric couplings we prove a family of identities involving expectations of generalized overlaps and magnetizations in the quenched state. Those identities holds pointwise in the Nishimori line and are reached at the rate of the inverse volume while, in the general case, they can be proved in integral average.

We present an evolutionary model for γ-ray line emission from superbubbles based on shock acceleration of metal-rich stellar ejecta. Application to the Orion OB1 association shows that γ-ray lines at the detection threshold of the SPI spectrometer aboard of INTEGRAL are expected, making this region an interesting target for studies of the interaction of supernova shocks with the interstellar me...

An exact line integral representation is derived for the magnetic physical optics field scattered by a perfectly electrically conducting planar plate illuminated by electric or magnetic Hertzian dipoles. The positions of source and observation points can be almost arbitrary. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the exactness of the line integral representation.

A full-wave electromagnetic model is developed and verified for a waveguide transition consisting of slotted rectangular waveguides coupled to a strip line. This waveguide-based structure represents a portion of the planar spatial power combining amplifier array. The electromagnetic simulator is developed to analyze the stripline-to-slot transitions operating in a waveguidebased environment in ...

In this paper, we solve higher index differential algebraic equations (DAEs) by transforming them into integral algebraic equations (IAEs). We apply collocation methods on continuous piece-wise polynomials space to solve the obtained higher index IAEs. The efficiency of the given method is improved by using a recursive formula for computing the integral part. Finally, we apply the obtained algo...

This paper reviews the theoretical approaches and existing models of the solar wind interaction with the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC). Models discussed take into account the multi-component nature of the solar wind and local interstellar medium. Basic results of the modeling and their possible applications to interpretation of space experiments are summarized. Open questions of global modelin...

In his third notebook, Ramanujan claims that ∫ ∞ 0 cos(nx) x2 + 1 log xdx+ π 2 ∫ ∞ 0 sin(nx) x2 + 1 dx = 0. In a following cryptic line, which only became visible in a recent reproduction of Ramanujan’s notebooks, Ramanujan indicates that a similar relation exists if log x were replaced by log x in the first integral and log x were inserted in the integrand of the second integral. One of the go...