How and why do the policy areas covered in World Bank loan conditions change over time across borrowers? We hypothesize that shifts Bank’s economic research priorities influence conditions, even after controlling for country characteristics international political aspects. To test this claim we apply keyword-assisted topic models to analysis of 13,000 close 35,000 papers published between 1985 ...

Statistical methods are used to some extent in virtually all areas of science, technology, public affairs and private enterprise. The variety of applications makes any single unifying discussion difficult if not impossible. We concentrate on the role of statistics in research in the natural and social sciences and the associated technologies. Our aim is to give a relatively nontechnical discuss...

The text attempts to define the concept of connoisseurship («mysteztvoznavstvo») as both identified with and opposed art history. Both categories are interdependent: a connoisseur produces knowledge, an historian reproduces tests it. Here we focus on history educational strategies that secure reproduction specialists in respective fields. If is part humanities its clearly defined methodology th...

3. The HIPC-Initiative, Fiscal Ownership and the Quality of Aid 3.1. The Quantitative and Qualitative Impact of the HIPC-Initiative 3.2. Impact on Resource Flows: The Debt Reduction Dividend 3.2.1. Measuring the Amount of Virtual Resources 3.2.2. Additionality 3.2.3. Debt Overhang 3.2.4. Debt Sustainability 3.3. Impact on Poverty Reduction and Aid Effectiveness 3.3.1. Channeling Debt Relief int...