Risk assessment has been advocated as a principle means of improving military safety. For instance, the US Army’s Composite Risk Management urges personnel to assess the likelihood and consequences of potential hazards before making strategic, tactical and operational decisions. The British army advocates risk assessment to guide both tactical planning and force protection. However, it can be d...

given the fluctuations of oil price in international markets and its effect on global economy, it is expected that gas industry and use of gas as an alternative energy, have become more important. therefore, identification of strategic decisions in this industry has attracted increasing attention of managers and researchers. this study aims to identify and evaluate strategic decisions in the na...

In approaches that were previously used, preparedness planning used tactical modelling of individual fire events and resource deployment. Results from modelling individual fire events were typically gathered to construct a program analysis at the planning unit or at the landscape level. This research deviates from those tactical-based approaches by using strategic modelling to inform planning a...

The supply chain of a manufacturing enterprise is a world-wide network of suppliers, factories, warehouses, distribution centres and retailers through which raw materials are acquired, transformed and delivered to customers. Supply chain management is the strategic, tactical and operational level decision making that optimizes supply chain performance. The strategic level defines the supply cha...

This paper aims to model and investigate the discrete urban road network design problem, using a multi-objective time-dependent decision making approach. Given a base network made up with two-way links, candidate link expansion projects, and candidate link construction projects, the problem determines the optimal combination of one-way and two-way links, the optimal selection of capacity expans...

Once we have the organized collection of data, typically in digital form, we try to move from operational aspect towards the analytical one wherein the users who are the actual Knowledge workers and take the strategic decisions are of more importance, in contrast to the users who work on the operational aspect of a big system and take the tactical decisions. Now, if the application domain is ch...

Firms developing new products must often make a trade-o¤ between production costs and product quality: higher quality products are more valued by consumers, but also more costly to manufacture. We analyze this trade-o¤ in the context of demand uncertainty and strategic consumer behavior. Before the release of a product to a heterogeneous market of unknown size, a …rm must choose product quality...