changes in moisture content and temperature can perturb both stiffness and strength and as such the impact resistance of composite structures. in this paper, the pre-notched basalt fibre reinforced epoxy (bfre) composite specimens are studied under charpy impact loads in order to investigate the changes in impact energy absorption (fracture toughness) with different kinds of aging conditions. t...

A "cluster" of patients refers to the geographic proximity of unrelated patients with the same disease and suggests a common environmental cause for that disease. Clusters of patients with Crohn's disease have been linked to the presence of an infectious microorganism in unpasteurized milk and cheese, untreated water supplied by wells or springs, animal manure used as fertilizer for family vege...

This study investigates the presence and sources of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in tap water and corresponding tap water based beverages such as coffee and cola collected in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Exposure pathways studies have shown that low concentrations of PFAAs in tap water already may pose a high contribution to daily human exposure. Tap water samples (n=4) had higher co...

Tap water, demineralized water and liquid fertilizer have been activated using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) to investigate their benefits for the germination rate and stem elongation rate of lentils from Puy-en-Velay (France). By plasma-activating tap water, we have obtained germination rates as high as 80% (instead of 30% with tap water). Also, higher stem elongation rates and fin...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tap water (drinking water) and normal saline (sodium chloride solution 0.9%) iontophoresis treatment for a patient with idiopathic hyperhidrosis [Subjects and Methods] In this study, tap water and normal saline iontophoresis were used to treat a 21 year-old female who was suffering from severe palmoplantar idiopathic hyperhidro...

Amoebic keratitis, a sight-threatening corneal infection, mainly occurs in contact lens wearers who wash their eyes with tap water. The present research was conducted to identify the occurrence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) in tap water sources on Kish Island, a tourist region in Iran. Amoebae were detected using a culture-enriched method and by polymerase chain reaction (...

Dear Editors, Tap water therapy has been used for several decades (1) in wound cleansing for the treatment of many conditions, such as lacerations, incisions, open fractures and episiotomy (2–5). The infection rate and outcome of wounds cleansed with tap water are commonly believed to be the same as those cleaned with normal saline solution (2–5). Even though this alternative treatment is consi...

SUMMARY On 6 December 2010 a fire in Hemiksem, Belgium, was extinguished by the fire brigade with both river water and tap water. Local physicians were asked to report all cases of gastroenteritis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 1000 randomly selected households. We performed a statistical and geospatial analysis. Human stool samples, tap water and river water were tested for p...

Present preliminary scientific trial was designed to investigate of microwave effects on Japanese quails as an animal model. Thirty six three days-old quail chicks were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and received: A) un-treated tap water, B) tap water boiled by electrical heater and then cooled and C) tap water treated by microwave oven and then cooled. The whole experimental perio...