To assess the performance of maximum-likelihood (ML) based Nakagami m parameter estimators, current methods rely on Monte Carlo simulation. In order to enable the analytical performance evaluation of ML-based m parameter estimators, we study the statistical properties of a parameter Δ, which is defined as the log-ratio of the arithmetic mean to the geometric mean for Nakagami-m fading power. Cl...

A new method designated as the mean-to-mean ratio (MMR) test is proposed for the detection of nonhomogeneities in a radar’s Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) reference window. No a priori knowledge of the nonhomogeneity topology is assumed. Analysis using the Monte-Carlo method based on Rayleigh clutter and Swerling I target models is presented. Target-like interferences which seriously degrade ...

Most of the sequential importance resampling tracking algorithms use arbitrarily high number particles to achieve better performance, with consequently huge computational costs. This article aims address problem occlusion which arises in visual tracking, using fewer particles. To this extent, mean-shift algorithm is incorporated probabilistic filtering framework allows smaller particle set main...

Objectives In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the relationship between he neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), neutrophil/monocyte rate (NMR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) in patients with BIRADS grades of benign breast lesions. Background many recent studies, NLR, PLR, NMR MPV change significantly connection chronic inflammation are suggested for use as prognostic...

BACKGROUND The ratio of two measured fluorescence signals (called x and y) is used in different applications in fluorescence microscopy. Multiple instances of both signals can be combined in different ways to construct different ratio estimators. METHODS The mean and variance of three estimators for the ratio between two random variables, x and y, are discussed. Given n samples of x and y, we...

When we read the results of healthcare research, we often read about relationships or associations between different treatments and their outcomes for patients. Health outcomes can be improved with the use of different types of medications, engagement in health education programmes and changes in lifestyle factors such as targeted improvements in nutrition or reduction in smoking. Depending on ...

A generalized modified ratio estimator is proposed for estimating the population mean using the known population parameters. It is shown that the simple random sampling without replacement sample mean, the usual ratio estimator, the linear regression estimator and all the existing modified ratio estimators are the particular cases of the proposed estimator. The bias and the mean squared error o...

This paper proposes some exponential ratio type estimators of population mean under the situations when certain observations for some sampling units are missing. These missing observations may be for either auxiliary variable or study variable. The biases and mean square errors of the proposed estimators have been derived, up to the first order of approximation. The proposed estimators are comp...