When one taste (masker) is strong enough, it can completely mask another task (target) of different quality. How strong the masker must be to do this depends on how strong the target is. As the target concentration is increased, the masking concentration must be increased, too, but in ever-increasing proportion. To quantify the conditions for such complete masking, the target's detection thresh...

The history of agricultural trade stretches back more than ten millennia, but it became inter-continental from the 17th century and much denser in 19th following repeal Britain's protective Corn Laws 1846 major declines international costs. Trade was chaotic period bookended by two world wars, policy anarchy gave way to greater certainty after General Agreement on Tariffs (GATT) signed 1947. Th...

Peripheral transection of the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve in rats unbalanced palatability, selectively reducing the ingestive actions elicited by preferred tastes but leaving unchanged the aversive actions elicited by unpreferred tastes. The reduction in the number of positive ingestive actions occurred even though the capacity to emit these actions remained unimpaired. These findi...