Climate change affects fruit crops’ growth and development by delaying ripening, reducing color development, lowering quality yield. The irregular date palm ripening in the past few years is assumed to be related climatic change. current study aimed design validate an automated sensor-based artificial system (S-BARS) combined with ultrasound pretreatment for fruits cv. Khalas. A control was con...

UNLABELLED Environmental heat stress degrades aerobic performance; however, little research has focused on performance when the selected task elicits modest elevations in core body temperature (<38.5 degrees C). PURPOSE To determine the effect of environmental heat stress, with modest hyperthermia, on aerobic performance and pacing strategies. METHODS After a 30-min cycling preload at 50% V...

Envisioning has been used extensively to model behavior of physical systems. Envisioning generates the qualitatively distinct possible behaviors without numerically simulating every possible set of input conditions and model parameters. This paper applies envisioning to analyze course of action (COA) diagrams to determine the qualitatively distinct outcomes of military operations. In order to a...

One of the central challenges in reinforcement learning is to balance the exploration/exploitation tradeoff while scaling up to large problems. Although model-based reinforcement learning has been less prominent than value-based methods in addressing these challenges, recent progress has generated renewed interest in pursuing modelbased approaches: Theoretical work on the exploration/exploitati...

Predictive state representations (PSRs) are models that represent the state of a dynamical system as a set of predictions about future events. The existing work with PSRs focuses on trying to learn exact models, an approach that cannot scale to complex dynamical systems. In contrast, our work takes the first steps in developing a theory of approximate PSRs. We examine the consequences of using ...

Background: Few studies have examined the acute exercise-induced changes in cognitive performance in different thermal environments and the time course effects. Objective: Investigate the time-dependent effects of acute exercise on university students' processing speed, working memory and cognitive flexibility in temperate and cold environments. Method: Twenty male university students (age 23.5...

We investigated the sweating response during passive heating (partial submersion up to the umbilical line in 42±0.5℃ water, 30 min) after summer and winter seasonal acclimatization (SA). Testing was performed in July during the summer, 2011 [summer-SA; temp, 25.6±1.8℃; relative humidity (RH), 82.1±8.2%] and in January during the winter, 2012 (winter-SA; temp, -2.7±2.9℃; RH, 65.0±13.1%) in Cheon...

The uptake of guanethidine (3.3&times;10-5 M), debrisoquin (8.4&times;10-4 M), bretyliun (5.0 10-4 M) and xylocholine (1.0&times;10-3 M) by adrenergic neuron was studied indirectly by testing the ability of noradrenaline (NA) regarding low temp. or sodium deprivation to prevent or reverse adrenergic neuron blocking action in the indirectly stimulated ...

Heart rate (HR), body temperature (Temp), locomotor activity (LA), and oxygen consumption (O(2)C) were studied in awake mice lacking one or both of the adenosine A(1) or A(2A) receptors (A(1)R or A(2A)R, respectively) using telemetry and respirometry, before and after caffeine administration. All parameters were lower during day than night and higher in females than males. When compared with wi...