Ultra high strength steels are of enormous interest especially in the automotive industry due to their potential in realising light weight structures and improving the crash behaviour. However the poor formability of these steels limits their application for many parts in the car body. A solution to this limitation can be a local heat treatment using a laser beam to soften the material where a ...

A ferrite–austenite 12CrNi2 alloy steel additively manufactured by laser melting deposition (LMD) was heat treated direct quenching (DQ) and tempering inter-critical (TIQ) at 800 °C for enhancing its strength–ductility balance. Both heat-treated steels have the martensite–ferrite dual-phase (DP) microstructures. The volume fractions of martensite in two are nearly similar (~ 85 vol%), while siz...

intermittent drying is a satisfactory technique for drying of heat sensitive grains especially rough rice. this method consists of two separate stages applied intermittently: drying and tempering. in this work, intermittent drying of rough rice is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. in order to characterize this process; a multi-scale model consisting of macroscopic and microsco...

Deep cryogenic treatment of tool steels, incorporated in conventional hardening and tempering, has been a topic intensive research recent years. Yet, the governing microstructural mechanisms involved deep high-alloyed steels are still controversial. Thus, an situ X-ray diffraction study is conducted on three X38CrMoV5-3, X153CrMoV12, ~X190CrVMo20-4 to shed light evolution during subsequent temp...

In this paper, we propose to estimate the normalizing constants for simulated tempering by a modified histogram algorithm, the so-called contour Monte Carlo algorithm, and compare the efficiency of simulated tempering and parallel tempering. Our analysis reveals that simulated tempering tends to mix faster than parallel tempering at low temperature levels for simulating from complex systems. Th...

In order to clarify the role of different post-weld heat treatment processes in manufacturing process, welding tests, and finite element analysis (FEA) are carried out for 12C1MoV steel pipes. The simulated temperature field residual stress agree well with measured results, which indicates that simulation method is available. influence process parameters on reduction results further analyzed. I...

Abstract In the present work, simulations of gas carburizing heat treatment heavy-duty gears on a coal-cutting machine fabricated by 18Cr2Ni4WA alloy steel were carried out using finite element method software. The physical property database was constructed in effects high temperature tempering process microstructure and hardness distributions simulated studied. distribution results obtained si...

Standard heat treatment of martensitic stainless steel consists quenching and tempering. However, this results in high strength hardness, while Charpy impact toughness shows lower values a large deviation its values. Therefore, modified 0.1C-13Cr-3Ni (PK993/1CH13N3) with intercritical annealing between Ac1 Ac3 was introduced before tempering to study effect on the microstructure mechanical prop...

ABSTRAK Aluminium merupakan logam yang paling banyak digunakan setelah baja, dengan karakteristik utamanya adalah ringan (berat jenis = 2.7 g/cm3), memiliki konduktivitas panas dan listrik tinggi, ketahanan korosi baik. Penggunaan aluminium menempati urutan kedua besi baja sebagai bahan untuk komponen industri otomotif, salah satu penggunaanya yaitu berupa pada mobil. seri 7075 mana sifat baik ...

The quality traits of a single grain kernel can produce an index of the overall quality of the bulk grain, as individual kernels comprise a grain bulk. Therefore, single–kernel drying behavior is important in understanding the overall quality of grain. A Matlab based software package with C++ compiler was developed in this study for describing single–kernel drying, tempering, and internal stres...