The inhibiting effects of methylxanthines on urethan-induced lung tumors, malformations, and presumed somatic mutations in mice were studied to determine the contribution of mutational and physiological changes to chemically induced neoplasia and malformation. When young adult or pregnant ICR/Jc1 mice were treated with urethan and then methylxanthines were given, caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthi...

Major sectors of the lead-related industries have traditionally supported the view that the exposure of human males and females to lead is associated with significantly different reproductive-related risks. This review examines selected data pertaining to teratogenesis and mutagenesis associated with the exposure of human males to lead. The existing body of epidemiologic data examining reproduc...