BACKGROUND Muscle weakness has been suggested to result from the deconditioning that accompanies decreased activity levels in chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. The benefits of standard exercise programmes on exercise capacity and muscular strength in disease and health are well documented and exercise capacity is a significant predictor of survival in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). ...

Increasing emphasis on maintaining a healthy lifestyle has led many individuals to seek advice on exercise from personal trainers. There are few studies to date that evaluate personal trainer education, practice trends, and injuries they have seen while training clients. A survey was distributed to personal trainers using Survey Monkey® (Palo Alto, CA, USA) with 605 personal trainers accessing ...

Introduction: Exercise training increases skeletal muscle capillary density, but the molecular mechanisms of this process are not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute long- term submaximal exercise on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the main angiogenic factor, and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 ( MMP-2 and MMP-9), as the degradi...

Previous studies have shown that nicotine can affect beta cell function and insulin secretion in cigarette smokers. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of 10 weeks aerobic exercise on insulin and beta cell function in smokers. In this semi-experimental study with pre and post-training design, a total of 36 adult smoker men aged 41±2.5 years were selected into either exerc...

Vogt M, Hoppeler HH. Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct. J Appl Physiol 116: 1446–1454, 2014. First published February 6, 2014; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00146.2013.—The aim of the current review is to discuss applications and mechanism of eccentric exercise in training regimes of competitive sports. Eccentric muscle work is important in m...

Growth hormone (GH) supplementation at old age has been shown to improve body composition, although its effect on muscle performance is still debated. On the other hand, resistance training increases muscle mass and strength even when initiated at advanced age. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short-term GH supplementation and exercise training on physical performance and sk...

Skeletal muscle may develop adaptive chaperone and enhancementdefense system through daily exercisestimulation. The present study investigated resistance and exhaustion training alters the expression of chaperoneproteins. These proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury and provide protection. Exercise-induced production of HSPs in skeletal muscle and peripheral le...

Skeletal muscle may develop adaptive chaperone and enhancementdefense system through daily exercisestimulation. The present study investigated resistance and exhaustion training alters the expression of chaperoneproteins. These proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury and provide protection. Exercise-induced production of HSPs in skeletal muscle and peripheral le...

Paralysis after a spinal cord injury (SCI) induces physiological adaptations that compromise the musculoskeletal and metabolic systems. Unlike non-SCI individuals, people with spinal cord injury experience minimal muscle activity which compromises optimal glucose utilization and metabolic control. Acute or chronic muscle activity, induced through electrical stimulation, may regulate key genes t...