The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) has been studying a new mobile communication system, named Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Mobile Communication Systems (STICS)[1]. The STICS is a mobile phone system in which terrestrial mobile and satellite communication systems coexist, and is seamlessly integrated in the same frequency band. We aim for the realizati...

Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems experience some of the most extreme growth conditions on Earth and are characterised by extreme aridity and sub-zero temperatures. Antarctic vegetation is therefore at the physiological limits of survival and, as a consequence, even slight changes to growth conditions are likely to have a large impact, rendering Antarctic terrestrial communities sensitive to cli...

The sensitivity of the global climate is essentially determined by the radiative damping of the global mean surface temperature anomaly through the outgoing radiation from the top of the atmosphere (TOA). Using the TOA fluxes of terrestrial and reflected solar radiation obtained from the Earth radiation budget experiment (ERBE), this study estimates the magnitude of the overall feedback, which ...

Background: The increasing evidences show that global depletion of stratospheric ozone layer is caused by pollutant and growing incidence of the skin cancer and cataract is related to the amounts of solar UV radiation reaching the earth ׳s surface. Therefore, the main driving force behind such efforts has been the lack of an appropriate network in scope monitoring of the terrestrial UV...

Ozone depletion results in greater amounts of UV-B radiation that had an impact on terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemical systems. Biogeochemical cycles were the complex interactions of physical, chemical, geological and biological processes that control the transport and transformation of substances in the natural environment and therefore the conditions that humans experience in Earth's syste...

A new ultraviolet (UV)-A/B absorbing pigment with maxima at 312 and 330 nanometers from the cosmopolitan terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune is described. The pigment is found in high amounts (up to 10% of dry weight) in colonies grown under solar UV radiation but only in low concentrations in laboratory cultures illuminated by artificial light without UV. Its experimental induction by UV...

Although infrared radiation (IRR) is ubiquitous in the terrestrial milieu, its effects on human skin have until now been largely ignored. Recent studies suggest an important role for infrared A (IRA) radiation (760-1440 nm) in dermal inflammation, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. In this issue, Calles et al. identify and analyze the IRA-induced transcriptome in human dermal fibroblasts. The...

Radioactivity measurements for water, soil, and air have been completed in national international regions. The radioactivity process is randomized occurs naturally by primordial nuclides. Another case hand-made reactions which realized artificial reactions. high rate of the total dose radiation, whichever exposed to humans, originates as Natural Radioactivity. In this case, environmental are im...

The radiobiological effects of high atomic number and energy (HZE particles) ion beams are of interest for radioprotection in space and tumor radiotherapy. Space radiation mainly consists of heavy charged particles from protons to iron ions, which is distinct from common terrestrial forms of radiation. HZE particles pose a significant cancer risk to astronauts on prolonged space missions. With ...

An intermediate-complexity, quasi–physically based, meteorological model (MicroMet) has been developed to produce high-resolution (e.g., 30-m to 1-km horizontal grid increment) atmospheric forcings required to run spatially distributed terrestrial models over a wide variety of landscapes. The following eight variables, required to run most terrestrial models, are distributed: air temperature, r...