OBJECTIVE The transcription factors GATA-1 and GATA-4 have been implicated in the regulation of testicular development and function. Their cofactors FOG-1 and FOG-2 are expressed in the gonads, but their cell-specific and developmental expression in the testis remains unresolved. Therefore, we analyzed GATA-1, GATA-4, FOG-1 and FOG-2 expression in detail, from undifferentiated male urogenital r...

AIM To investigate the stepwise development and germ cell gene expression in allografted neonatal mouse testes and the differentiation of immature human testicular cells in xenografted human testes. METHODS Immunodeficient nude mice were used as hosts for allografting of neonatal mouse testes and xenografting of human fetal testicular tissues. Stepwise development and stage-specific gene expr...

Testicular germ cell tumors are important neoplasms and seminoma accounts for 40 to 50% of these tumors. Little is known concerning the molecular events underlying the development of these malignancies. In the present study we used a modified differential display approach to compare gene expression between seminoma and normal testicular parenchyma, both of which are mixed tissues. We first anal...

AIM Accurate calculations of testicular volume standard deviation (SD) scores are not currently available. We constructed LMS-smoothed age-reference charts for testicular volume in healthy boys. METHODS The LMS method was used to calculate reference data, based on testicular volumes from ultrasonography and Prader orchidometer of 769 healthy Dutch boys aged 6 months to 19 years. We also explo...

Testicular torsion remains a common surgical emergency of adolescent males presenting with sudden onset of intense scrotal pain in Africa. While the magnitude of testicular torsion is not known it has been identified as a cause of male infertility. Testicular loss in Africa is directly related to delay in surgery and the referral patterns at the point of first contact with health workers. This ...

848 testicular biopsy slides of 664 infertile men were reviewed from the archive of jahad daneshgahi pathology center. tite mean age of patients was 33 years. bilateral testicular biopsies were performed in 197 cases. in 47 cases (23.9%) the histopathologic findings were not identical mixed pattern were encountered frequently which must be kept in mirul in pathologic evaluations and reports.

The most common somatic type malignancy arising in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) is sarcoma. Development of carcinomas, especially squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare event. Most cases of metastatic umbilical nodules (Sister Mary Joseph nodule) develop from adenocarcinomas. Fifteen percent of such cases have unknown origin; but development from a testicular squamous ...

GATA-4 is a highly conserved transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating embryonic morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. Given the emerging role of GATA-4 in the development and function of murine gonads, we have now studied its role in human testis. We find that GATA-4 is expressed from early human fetal testicular development to adulthood. This transcription factor is ...

Variations of the gonadal vein involve especial interest in general, vascular, and renal transplant surgery [1]. The testicular drainage originates at the upper pole of the testis, through the pampiniform plexus, which travels alongside the spermatic cord. The origin of the testicular vein, on both sides, lies at the deep inguinal ring, following a cephalic retroperitoneal path along the Psoas ...

The ontogeny of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) production by the developing testis of an Australian marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), was determined during pouch life using an organ-culture bioassay of mouse fetal urogenital ridge. This information was related to the morphological events during testicular migration and descent. MIS biological activity was found in testes (...