Conventionally, for estimation of potency of tetanus toxoid by Antibody Induction Method (AIM), two doses (1/10 th of single human dose/dose) of tetanus toxoid given on 0 th and 28 th day, injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs has been recommended. But this assay has a serious drawback of ‘booster effects’ as the animal is immunized on two occasions besides usage of large number of animals. ...

background: immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis has been applied in iran since 1950. who suggests periodical evaluation of effectiveness of the triple diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (dtwp) vaccine, worldwide. objectives: to determine the immunogenicity of locally manufactured dtwp vaccine administered to preschool children in a number of health centers of tehran in 2...

In Vietnam, there are no accurate data on tetanus incidence to allow assessment of disease burden or vaccination program efficacy. We analyzed age structure of 786 tetanus cases admitted to a tertiary referral center in Vietnam for three separate years during an 18-year period to examine the impact of tetanus prevention programs, namely the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and the Materna...

Presence of antibody to adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) has been noted following Bordetella pertussis infection. Because ACT is not presently in any acellular pertussis vaccines, it has been considered as a possible antigen to use in B. pertussis diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies. We determined antibody to B. pertussis ACT by ELISA and Western blot tests in serum sample...

UNLABELLED Demographic changes and a more active life-style in older age have contributed to an increasing public awareness of the need for lifelong vaccination. Currently many older persons have been vaccinated against selected pathogens during childhood but lack regular booster immunizations. The impact of regular vaccinations when started late in life was analyzed in an open, explorative tri...

To monitor progress toward maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (MNTE) in Cambodia, we conducted a nationwide serosurvey of tetanus immunity in 2012. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select 2,154 women aged 15 to 39 years. Tetanus toxoid antibodies in serum samples were measured by gold-standard double-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAE) and a novel multiplex bead assay ...

In this study, the immunogenicities of the nontoxic H(C) fragment of tetanus toxin and derivatives lacking ganglioside binding activity were compared with that of tetanus toxoid after subcutaneous immunization of mice. Wild-type H(C) (H(C)WT) protein and tetanus toxoid both elicited strong antibody responses against toxoid and H(C) antigens and provided complete protection against toxin challen...

OBJECTIVE Loss of immunity to previous vaccination and timing of re-vaccination in children receiving chemotherapy remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunity to vaccine preventable diseases in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PROCEDURE Sixty-one patients with ALL and 13 healthy siblings were enrolled. Three study groups included newly diagnos...