IN A RECENT preliminary communication (Smith, Evans, Jones, Gear, Cunliffe and Barr, 1963) the results of a clinical trial of adsorbed tetanus toxoid were presented. This demonstrated the efficacy and safety of simultaneous injections of adsorbed toxoid and tetanus antitoxin. Casualty officers and general practitioners are frequently faced with the problem of immunization against tetanus and ar...

The nuclcar histones of control and antigen-affected lymphocytcs and thymocytes were measured in terms of their intensity of staining with ammoniacal-silver (A-S) and alkaline fast green (FG). Subcutaneous injection of full strength and doubly concentrated tetanus toxoid into the upper forelimb was followed by an acute decrease in the intensity of thc FG and A-S staining of the thymocyte nuclea...

Batch release testing for human and veterinary tetanus vaccines still relies heavily on methods that involve animals, particularly potency testing. The quantity quality of antigen present in these products is utmost importance product safety clinical effect. Immunochemical measure consistency content quality, potentially as an indicator potency, could be a better choice negate the need vivo tes...

The aim of this study was to investigate an antibody response to tetanus toxoid in iron-deficient piglets. Ten piglets were not given any iron preparation until the age of 21 days. Ten piglets were given 200 mg Fe3+ dextran intramuscularly at the age of 3 days. All piglets were immunized with tetanus toxoid 14 days after birth. Reimmunization was performed 21 days after the first immunization. ...

Whether recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) co-administered intranasally or subcutaneously with aluminium-non-adsorbed tetanus toxoid (nTT) can induce the production of tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific IgE antibodies in mice was investigated compared with aluminium-adsorbed tetanus toxoid (aTT) administered intranasally or subcutaneously. Mice immunized intranasally or subcutaneously with nT...

The Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) is one of seven countries that have not eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus in more than 50% of districts. We conducted a community-based household survey to assess the achievements of strategies towards maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination in the capital province. The coverage of tetanus toxoid (TT) was 79.7% by the protection-at-birth (PAB)...

Hyperthermia enhanced transdermal (HET) immunization is a novel needle free immunization strategy employing application of antigen along with mild local hyperthermia (42°C) to intact skin resulting in detectable antigen specific Ig in serum. In the present study, we investigated the adjuvant effect of thermal component of HET immunization in terms of maturation of dendritic cells and its implic...

Immunization of ewes with oil emulsion toxoid followed by an aluminium phosphate-adsorbed toxoid both containing 10 Lf per dose, resulted in a very high antitoxin level in their lambs. Two injections of aluminium phosphate-adsorbed toxoid also imparted a passive immunity to lambs which is considered to be adequate to protect them against tetanus for 4 weeks after birth.

PROBLEM/CONDITION Tetanus is a severe and often fatal infection. The incidence of reported cases in the United States has declined steadily since introduction of tetanus toxoid vaccines in the 1940s. REPORTING PERIOD This report covers surveillance data for 1998--2000. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM Physician-diagnosed cases of tetanus were reported to CDC's National Notifiable Disease Surveillance ...