We consider a Yang–Mills theory in loop space with an affine Lie gauge group. The Chapline–Manton coupling, the coupling between Yang–Mills fields and an abelian antisymmetric tensor field of the second rank via the Chern– Simons term, is systematically derived within the framework of the Yang–Mills theory. The generalized Chapline–Manton couplings, the couplings among nonabelian tensor fields ...

The locally isolated harpacticoid copepods Tigriopus sp. and Tisbe holothuriae were subjected to salinity tolerance experimentation at salinities under above of 40 ppt, presented high halotolerances in LC50 (24 h) 1 ± 4.43 ppt 132 5.35 respectively, 15 2.41 93 3.23 respectively. Tetraselmis suecica, among other microalgal feeds (Asteromonas gracilis, Rhodomonas salina, Dunaliella salina Isochry...

Sequencing mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes has become an integral part in understanding the genomic machinery and the phylogenetic histories of green algae. Previously, only three chloroplast genomes (Oltmannsiellopsis viridis, Pseudendoclonium akinetum, and Bryopsis hypnoides) and two mitochondrial genomes (O. viridis and P. akinetum) from the class Ulvophyceae have been published. Here,...

Due to high consumption and non-renewable nature of fossil fuels, rapid development potential renewable energies such as biofuel derived from microalgae is necessary for achieving the goals sustainable growth carbon neutrality. However, energy required microalgal biomass harvesting regarded a major obstacle large-scale production. In present study, marine green Tetraselmis sp. was used investig...

Plankton is the primary food sources for many fish larvae as well other organisms during their early stage of development. Zooplankton such copepods play a major role in freshwater and marine environment live that offer great variety sizes, species nutritional value to larvae. The aim this study increase copepod its effect on Penaeus monodon post-larvae growth performance. experiment was carrie...