Objective: evaluate the influence of single- or double-layer application a universal adhesive on bond strength to different tooth substrates. 
 Methods: To Seventy-two extracted sound human teeth were used for study. The divided into three groups according substrates; enamel, coronal and radicular dentin (n=24). roots separated from crowns then abraded obtain flat surfaces. specimens rando...

Background. The surface modification of porcelain material can be conducted by mechanical, chemical, or laser means. This study investigated the CO2 effect on to enhance bonding with composite resin. Materials and methods. A total 33 blocks feldspathic were randomly divided into 3 groups 10. Additionally, three specimens used in scanning electronic microscopy energy-dispersive spectroscopy test...

Objective:The objective of this in - vitro study was to evaluate the effect different antioxidants reversal deleterious bleaching on shear bond strength composite resin bleached enamel.Materials and methods: Seventy bovine incisors were used. The specimens randomly divided into seven groups (10 each) as follow: Group 1: no treatment antioxidant application. 2: only without application immediate...

Objective: This in vitro study was aimed to assess the abrasiveness of 4 different composite finishing and polishing systems, on two nano-hybrid materials.
 Methods: 40 disc samples were prepared mm diameter 2 thickness for each resin (Tetric EvoCeram BulkFill A1 body IPS Empress Direct A1; Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein; n=80 total). Each group divided into system subgroups (Sof-L...

Objective: Bulk-fill composites are a group of composite resins designed for easy and fast filling of large cavities. This study aimed to assess the color stability of bulk-fill composites subjected to xenon radiation and evaluate their color change (&DeltaE) following polymerization. Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 30 specimens (4mm in height and 8mm in diameter) were fabricat...

Aim: To evaluate the bottom/top hardness ratio (B/T) and dentin bonding stability of conventional bulk-fill resin composites in high c-factor preparations. Methods: Regular (Tetric N-Ceram – TNC, Polofil Supra PFS), regular Bulk fill TBF, Admira Fusion X-tra AFX), low viscosity N-flow TNF, Base XTB) were used to restore 180 conical The specimens randomly distributed 12 groups (n = 15) according...