The most important impacts of climate change relate to temperature and precipitation. Precipitation is particularly important, because changes in precipitation patterns may lead to floods or droughts in different areas. Also, precipitation is a major factor in agriculture and in recent years interest has increased in learning about precipitation variability for periods of months to annual and s...

Understanding how biotic mechanisms confer stability in variable environments is a fundamental quest in ecology, and one that is becoming increasingly urgent with global change. Several mechanisms, notably a portfolio effect associated with species richness, compensatory dynamics generated by negative species covariance and selection for stable dominant species populations can increase the stab...

The Yarlung Zangbo River basin is an important alley to transport moisture from the Indian Ocean to the inner Tibetan Plateau. With a wide range of elevations from 147 m to over 7000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), ecosystems respond differently to climate change at various elevations. However, the pattern of elevation-dependent vegetation change and how it responds to recent warming have been rare...

Climate change disturbs the distribution of precipitation patterns and affects water resources. A lot of evidences imply that the increased atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gasses in turn increases the precipitation changes around the world. Thus, since Iran is located in an arid zone of the earth, identifying the effects of CO2 concentrations on Iran precipitation rate is highly importa...

abstract in this study, trends of threshold heavy precipitation were examined on the basis of measurements of 1437 stations (included synoptic, climatic and rain gage stations) in iran for the period of 40 years (1964-2003). for this purpose, the statistical method of nonparametric mann-kendall test is used for analyzinging the thresholds of heavy precipitation and nonparametric sen method for ...

introduction the knowledge about spatial variability of precipitation is a key issue for regionalization in hydro-climatic studies. measurements of meteorological parameters by the traditional methods require a dense rain gauge network. but, due to the topography and cost problems, it is not possible to create such a network in practice. in these cases the spatial distribution pattern of precip...

The effect of desert dust on cloud properties and precipitation has so far been studied solely by using theoretical models, which predict that rainfall would be enhanced. Here we present observations showing the contrary; the effect of dust on cloud properties is to inhibit precipitation. Using satellite and aircraft observations we show that clouds forming within desert dust contain small drop...

*National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan +Meteorological Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan #Hokkaido Tokai University, Hokkaido, Japan @Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan &Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, JAPAN **Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan ++Shimane University, Shimane, Japan ##Center for Climate System Resear...

abstract: in this study, it has been tried to test the accuracy of output and hence the model efficiency in the predictions of 24 and 48 hour precipitation forecasting by choosing different schemes be assessed. therefore, in order to test the accuracy of model product, two conditions of rainfall precipitation and lack of rainfall precipitation were considered. four thresholds were taken. adapti...

the aim of this study is to assess some synoptic characteristics of heavy precipitations in southwestern parts of iran and evaluate the relationship between them with the madden-julian oscillation (mjo). research is conducted with regard to distribution of precipitation per month and identifying their steam sources. daily records of the november-april precipitation data in abadan, ahwaz, bandar...