many studies since 1977, in the southern coast of caspian sea revealed that the law-setback and low-lying coastal zone have been severely and increasingly impacted by rising sea-level. this rising continued until 1995. the rate of rising was nearly 13cm per year in this period (1977-1995). the general concept of setback determination is tended to introduce a buffer area between human activities...

1. introduction zakeri gary (1750) found that earthquake is jolts of some places or significant portions of land to natural causes with big voices like thunder that is often accompanied by an eruption of water, fire, smog or wind. after the earthquake, building efficiency greatly reduces because of the network’s collapse and closing of paths. however, after a catastrophic disaster, communicatio...

introduction tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large amount of water which is generated by underwater earthquake, volcano, landslide or other disturbances below water. the makran subduction zone (msz) is one of the regions that have potential to generate tsunami which also has been occurred in 1985 and is capable of another one. in msz, the coasts of chabahar ba...

With ever increasing application of information technologies in every day activities, organizations face the need for applications that provides better security. The existence of complex IT systems with multiple interdependencies creates great difficulties for Chief Security Officers to comprehend and be aware of all potential risks in such systems. Intelligent decision making for IT security i...

The study of the clinical course of methamphetamine (MAP) psychosis yields insights into the biological aspect of the relapse of the paranoid psychotic state with hallucination in schizophrenia. A series of MAP psychosis studies in Japan conducted over a period of more than four decades revealed three types of clinical courses of MAP psychosis after discontinuation of MAP: transient type, prolo...

nowadays, environmental impact assessment (eia) is a one of planning tool that used for the prediction of environmental impacts. there are several methods to assess environmental impacts in the world. degradation model is one of the mathematics models that investigates and predicts data for assessing the impact of development. degradation model consist degradation coefficient per ecology unit, ...

Halabja Saidsadiq Basin (HSB) is one of a major basin of Iraq in terms of groundwater reservoirs. Intensive agricultural practices and economic revolution are widespread and located close to groundwater wells, which pose imminent threats to these resources. Therefore, the most effective and realistic solution is to prevent the contamination of groundwater through. The present study targets the ...

Effective conservation management for climate adaptation rests on understanding the factors driving species' vulnerability in a spatially explicit manner so as to direct on-ground action. However, there have been only few attempts to map the spatial distribution of the factors driving vulnerability to climate change. Here we conduct a species-level assessment of climate change vulnerability for...

The efficiency of three statistical models, AHP surface-weighted density bivariate (semi-quantitative models), stepwise multivariate regression and logistic multivariate regression models were compared in Chehel-Chai watershed in Golestan province, Iran. In current study the hazard map was prepared according to the top model of landslide hazard map. Chehel-Chai watershed is located as one of Go...

This study introduces risk theory of environmental science into human settlement science using 2004–2013 statistics, remote sensing data, and thematic maps. The entropy weight method and risk-index model are both used to study the characteristics of the time course and spatial pattern of human settlement risk in 31 provincial regions in China. In addition, influential mechanisms of vulnerabilit...