The synthesis and characterization of a series of 8-quinolinolato gallium complexes is presented, and the complexes are analogous to a series of aluminum complexes previously reported. The complexes have been shown to be active initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. High degrees of polymerization control are demonstrated, as exemplified by the linear evolution of molecul...

Article info: Received: 23 January 2013 Accepted: 5 February 2013 ABSTRACT One of the major challenges in modern synthetic polymer chemistry is to synthesize end defined polymers of different end functionality with predetermined uniform molecular weight. End functionalized polymers/copolymers basically in block and grafting form are having several potential applications in biomedical areas in t...

The development of one- and two-photon induced polymerization using CdS semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and amine co-initiators to promote radical generation and subsequent polymerization is presented. Two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section measurements, linear absorption, and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the QDs. The effectiveness of the co-initiators in increa...

We demonstrate the fabrication of horizontally aligned carbon nanotube (HA-CNT) networks by spatially programmable folding, which is induced by self-directed liquid infiltration of vertical CNTs. Folding is caused by a capillary buckling instability and is predicted by the elastocapillary buckling height, which scales with the wall thickness as t(3/2). The folding direction is controlled by inc...

Individuals who initiate substance use before high school are at higher risk of negative outcomes. Eighty-six young adults between the ages of 18 and 28 participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews focused on the circumstances surrounding participants' first use of substances and their pattern of use in the year following initiation in order to investigate similarities and differences...

In the present study, we have explored further the organization of the TATA-less rat xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase gene (XDH/XO). A DNase I hypersensitive site has been identified which it colocalizes with the basal promoter reported previously [Chow et al. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res., 22, 1846-1854]. Gel mobility shift assays indicate the presence of multiple binding factors located in the prom...

BACKGROUND To assess the symptomatic and cost burden among patients initiating long-acting bronchodilator (LABD) therapy and impact of adherence on healthcare resource use and costs. METHODS This retrospective cohort study identified patients with COPD who were newly prescribed a LABD (long-acting muscarinic antagonist [LAMA], long-acting beta2-agonist [LABA], a combination of LABA+LAMA or co...

BACKGROUND The nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants have recently become available as an alternative to warfarin as stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation, but data on real-life patient experience, including bleeding risk, are lacking. Our objective was to compare major bleeding events and nonpersistence between the nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant apixaban and other nonvita...

BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia and gout are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is unknown whether treating hyperuricemia with xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs), including allopurinol and febuxostat, modifies cardiovascular risks. METHODS We used US insurance claims data to conduct a cohort study among gout patients, comparing XOI initiators with non-users with hy...