In a previous paper, El-Bisi and Ordal (1956a) reported that increased levels of phosphate, in the growth and sporulation medium, significantly reduced the thermal resistance of spores of Bacillus coagulans var. thermoacidurans. It was postulated that the phosphate anion lessened the availability of divalent cations to the sporulating cells and that spores so produced possessed a reduced therma...

The cooling capacity, efficiency and cooling flux for a single stage thermoelectric cooler, as part of a multistage cooler, is analyzed in this study. The Lagrange Multiplier method is used to develop nonlinear algebraic equations for the optimum condition for different objective functions. The analysis includes the effect of heat leak, thermal boundary resistances with thermal reservoirs and t...

Introduction Heat dissipation is the most critical problem that limits the performance, power, reliability and further miniaturization of microelectronics. The thermal performance of these devices is greatly affected by the thermal resistance associated with interface between the heat sink and heat source. The improvement of a thermal contact is associated with a decrease of the thermal resista...

The photoacoustic (PA) technique is one of many techniques for characterizing thermal conductivity of materials, including thermal interface conductance or resistance. Compared with other techniques, the PA method is relatively simple, yet is able to provide accurate thermal conductivity data over a wide range of materials and properties. In the last decade, the PA method has been developed and...

We present a study on the apparent thermal resistance of metal foams as a thermal interface in electronics cooling applications. Metal foams are considered beneficial for several applications due to its significantly large surface area for a given volume. Porous heat sinks made of aluminum foam have been well studied in the past. It is not only cost effective due to the unique production proces...

An apparatus has been designed and constructed to characterize thermal interface materials with unprecedented precision and sensitivity. The design of the apparatus is based upon a popular implementation of ASTM D5470 where well-characterized meter bars are used to extrapolate surface temperatures and measure heat flux through the sample under test. Measurements of thermal resistance, effective...

Heat and mass transfer, in this paper, is considered in one-row heat exchanger, that fins are hotter than air flow and water is added to fins. Related governing equations are derived by analyzing a two-dimension model in a unique cell of a heat exchange. These equations are numerically solved by finite difference method. Heat transfer and efficiency under partially wet surface are calculated by...

Heat transfer through the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a PEM fuel cell is a key process in the design and operation a PEM fuel cell. The analysis of this process requires determination of the effective thermal conductivity as well as the thermal contact resistance between the GDL and adjacent surfaces/layers. In the present study, a guarded-hot-plate apparatus has been designed and built to mea...

Data are presented which show that the constitution of the recovery medium exerts an appreciable effect on the apparent thermal resistance of spores of Putrefactive Anaerobe 3679. The routine use of a simple yeast extract-starch medium (YES) as a recovery medium in thermal resistance studies on this organism is recommended. In addition to giving thermal resistance values comparable to those obt...

Several heat transfer problems related to singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are considered through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD simulations of thermal conductivity along a nanotube, isotope effect in longitudinal thermal conductivity, and thermal boundary resistance in a junction of nanotubes are reviewed. Then, the heat transfer from an SWNT to various surrounding materials is s...