PURPOSE OF REVIEW To consider optimal analgesic strategies for thoracic surgical patients. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have consistently suggested analgesic equivalence between paravertebral and thoracic epidural analgesia. Complications appear to be significantly less common with paravertebral analgesia. SUMMARY There is good evidence that paravertebral block can provide acceptable pain...

BACKGROUND As an extracellularly released mediator, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) initiates sterile inflammation following severe trauma. Serum HMGB1 levels correlate well with acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) in trauma patients, which is independently associated with higher mortality. We investigated the involvement of HMGB1 in ATC through blocking extracellular HMGB1. MATERIAL AND METHO...

OBJECTIVE It is well known that atherosclerotic inflammatory vascular disease is critically driven by oxidized lipids and cytokines. In this regard, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is known as a crucial mediator of early pro-atherosclerotic events. Epidemiologic data suggest that blockade of TNF-α has beneficial effects on vascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, however, detailed...

In preclinical models, both dietary fat reduction and insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-1R) blockade individually inhibit prostate cancer xenograft growth. We hypothesized that a low-fat diet combined with IGF-1R blockade would cause additive inhibition of prostate cancer growth and offset possible untoward metabolic effects of IGF-1R blockade antibody therapy. Fifty severe combined im...

BACKGROUND Cervical sympathetic blockade has been found to reduce cerebral vascular resistance and improve focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the sympathetic blockade of high thoracic epidural anesthesia (HTEA) would reduce hippocampal apoptosis after global cerebral ischemia (GCI) injury. METHODS Fifteen-minute global ischemia was establi...

Abstract Purpose of Review This article describes the anatomy spine, relevant ultrasonographic views, and techniques used to perform neuraxial blocks using ultrasound imaging. Finally, we review available evidence for use imaging blocks. Recent Findings Central blockade traditional landmark palpation is a reliable technique provide surgical anesthesia postoperative analgesia. However, factors l...

INTRODUCTION Liver dysfunction is a common feature of severe sepsis and is associated with a poor outcome. Both liver perfusion and hepatic inflammatory response in sepsis might be affected by sympathetic nerve activity. However, the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA), which is associated with regional sympathetic block, on septic liver injury are unknown. Therefore, we investigated ...

Objective To evaluate the impact of general anesthesia (GA) combined with epidural (GAEA) on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and inflammatory markers in patients esophageal cancer (EC). Study Design: A randomised controlled trial. Place duration study Department Anesthesiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China, from A...

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is commonly used clinically to sustain patients; however, TPN is associated with profound mucosal atrophy, which may adversely affect clinical outcomes. Using a mouse TPN model, removing enteral nutrition leads to decreased crypt proliferation, increased intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis and increased mucosal tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expressi...