The catalytic ability of ZrO(2)/SO(4)(2-) to promote solventless three-component condensation reactions of a diversity of aromatic aldehydes, urea or thoiurea and ethyl acetoacetate was studied. Products resulting from Hantzsch and/or Biginelli multi-component reactions are obtained in the presence of solid acid catalysts using the same reactants but different temperature conditions. The sulfat...

A facile and highly efficient protocol was applied successfully to synthesize 4H-pyrimido[2,1,b]benzimiazoles and 4H-pyrimido[2,1,b]benzothiazoles through one-pot three-component cyclocondensation reactions of 2-aminobenzimidazole or 2-aminobenzothiazole with dimedone and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of guanidinium chloride under solvent-free conditions. The reactions us...

We describe a cloning strategy, third irrelevant enzyme site (TIES), based on three-component assembly ligation reactions to overcome seven types of problematical cloning reactions. Implementation of the TIES strategy has made it possible to obtain the desired recombinant where the corresponding approach using conventional recombinant DNA methodologies and two-component ligations failed to give...