Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are traditionally maintained and proliferated utilizing two-dimensional (2D) adherent monolayer culture systems. However, NPCs cultured using this system hardly reflect the intrinsic spatial development of brain tissue. In this study, we determined that culturing iPSC-derived NPCs as three-dimensional (3D) ...

Cell culture is one of the most important methods of research in molecular and cellular biology, and various culture systems have been developed, including two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and floating culture systems. In the present study, we examined morphological changes and different expression patterns of cytoskeletal proteins in three different types of nervous system tumor ce...

METHODS We utilized the hAM to provide the biological and the three dimensional (3D) topographic components of the prototype. The 3D nano-roughness of the hAM was characterized using surface electron microscopy and surface image analysis (ImageJ and SurfaceJ). We developed additional macro-scale and micro-scale versions of the platform which provided additional shear stress factors to simulate ...

In this work, the triple convolution of Daubechies wavelet is used to solve the three dimensional (3D) microscale Dual Phase Lag (DPL) problem. Also, numerical solution of 3D time-dependent initial-boundary value problems of a microscopic heat equation is presented. To generate a 3D wavelet we used the triple convolution of a one dimensional wavelet. Using convolution we get a scaling function ...

Studies of neuronal dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS) are frequently limited by the failure of primary neurons to propagate in vitro. Neuronal cell lines can be substituted for primary cells but they often misrepresent normal conditions. We hypothesized that a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system would drive the phenotype of transformed neurons closer to that of untransforme...

Three-dimensional (3D) cultures are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to mimic tissuelike structures more effectively than monolayer cultures. In cancer research, the natural tumor characteristics and architecture are more closely mimicked by 3D cell models. Thus, 3D cell cultures are more promising and suitable models, particularly for in vitro drug screening to predict in viv...

Face recognition based on the analysis of 3D scans has been an active research subject over the last few years. However, the impact of the resolution of 3D scans on the recognition process has not been addressed explicitly yet being of primal importance after the introduction of a new generation of low cost 4D scanning devices. These devices are capable of combined depth/rgb acquisition over ti...

In this paper, stability of slopes with a shallow foundation located on top including the shape of the failure mechanism is investigated in static and seismic states. This is a three dimensional problem which is analyzed two dimensionally because 3D analyses are complex and appropriate softwares are not available. The conventional method of bearing capacity evaluation of foundations on top of ...

Background: This study describes the possibility of implementing three-dimensional printing technology to create a precise construction of a planned bolus, based on computed tomography information stored in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format file. Materials and Methods:  To create the bolus with a 3D printer, we converted data in the DICOM format to the s...

The ability to simultaneously image multiple biomolecules in biologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) cell culture environments would contribute greatly to the understanding of complex cellular mechanisms and cell-material interactions. Here, we present a computational framework for label-free quantitative volumetric Raman imaging (qVRI). We apply qVRI to a selection of biological systems: ...