Once the research question and the research design have been finalised, it is important to select the appropriate sample for the study. The method by which the researcher selects the sample is the ' Sampling Method'. There are essentially two types of sampling methods: 1) probability sampling - based on chance events (such as random numbers, flipping a coin etc.); and 2) non-probability samplin...

the purpose of this study is to adapt, normalize and to determine reliability and validity of wisc- i i i. at adaptation stage, 835 students were selected through a systematic from 30 schools, after completion the test, suitable items were chosen according to iranian culture. then, at normalizing stage, 2456 boys and girls were selected through a systematic random sampling from 72 educational d...

A direct approach to quantify exfiltration from sewers is the QUEST-C tracer method. In this study, the authors present a novel approach for the dynamic analysis of a tracer experiment, considering information on varying sewer flow. An assessment of uncertainty is developed that accounts for systematic and random errors in the measurements and the sampling scheme. It is shown that the precision...

This paper illustrates some of the many sampling algorithms built into PROC SURVEYSELECT, particularly those pertinent to complex surveys, such as systematic, probability proportional to size (PPS), stratified, and cluster sampling. The primary objectives of the paper are to provide background on why these techniques are used in practice and to demonstrate their application via syntax examples....

I present a new Markov chain sampling method appropriate for distributions with isolated modes. Like the recently-developed method of \simulated tempering", the \tempered transition" method uses a series of distributions that interpolate between the distribution of interest and a distribution for which sampling is easier. The new method has the advantage that it does not require approximate val...