PURPOSE The repetitive micro traumatic stresses placed on the athletes shoulder joint complex during the throwing motion challenge the surrounding tissues. The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder rotational strength, range of motion and proprioception between the throwing athletes and non-athletic persons. METHODS Fifteen throwing athletes and 15 non-athletes participated in a nonra...

BACKGROUND Arm throwing represents a deciding element in handball. Ball velocity, aim accuracy, and dynamic stability of the shoulder are factors that influence throwing effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of muscle fatigue caused by simulated game activities (SGA) on shoulder rotational isokinetic muscle strength, muscle balance and throwing performance, and t...

G. P. Bingham, R. C. Schmidt, and L. D. Rosenblum (1989) found that, by hefting objects of different sizes and weights, people could choose the optimal weight in each size for throwing to a maximum distance. In Experiment 1, the authors replicated this result. G. P. Bingham et al. hypothesized that hefting is a smart mechanism that allows objects to be perceived in the context of throwing dynam...

The paper first applies Newton mechanical and physical knowledge to establish shot throwing process mathematical model, calculates throwing performance is related to ! ,h,F, t0 ,v0 these five factors; the next, it adopts genetic algorithms to solve optimal throwing performance and these five factors best parameters, from which optimal throwing performance is 21.78m; finally it adopts grey relat...

Purpose. To examine the effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching of the shoulder internal rotators on throwing velocity. Subjects. 27 male throwers (mean age = 25.1 years old, SD = 2.4) with adequate knowledge of demonstrable throwing mechanics. Study Design. Randomized crossover trial with repeated measures. Methods. Subjects warmed up, threw 10 pitches ...

In handball, throwing velocity is considered to be one of the essential factors in achieving the ultimate aim of scoring a goal. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of a core training program on throwing velocity in 30 handball players (age 18.7 ± 3.4 years, body height 179.3 ± 7.0 cm, body mass 78.9 ± 7.7 kg), 16 of whom were in the junior category and 14 of whom were ...

Shoulder injuries in the throwing athlete are becoming more frequent. Sports specialization at a younger age, playing multiple seasons, increased awareness of injury and injury prevention, advances in diagnosis, and surgical treatment all play a part in the increase in diagnosis of these injuries. Understanding the biomechanics of throwing and pathologies that are encountered in the throwing at...

Shot putting is an important component of track and field events and the throwing distance (s, m) is the greatest concern of coaches and athletes. There are mainly three major factors affecting throwing distance: the initial velocity (v, m/s), release angle (A, °) and release height (h, m) in shot push. So far, it is common to use the physical kinematics knowledge in the research of shot puttin...

Bingham, Schmidt and Rosenblum (1989) found that people could, by hefting objects of different sizes, choose that of optimal weight in each size for throwing to a maximum distance. Larger weights were chosen in larger sizes as required for equivalent perceived heaviness according to the size-weight illusion. In Experiment 1, we replicated that result testing a larger range of objects and more p...