Thrust generation and scaling parameters for flapping flexible wings are investigated using an integrated framework of computational fluid dynamics and structural dynamics solvers. To explore the influences of the density ratio and the effective stiffness on the thrust generation, surrogate models have been generated for a flapping thin isotropic flat Zimmerman wing in still air at = 1.5×10. Ti...

While NASA’s current next-generation launch vehicle research has largely focused on advanced allrocket single-stage-to-orbit vehicles (i.e. the X-33 and it’s RLV operational follow-on), some attention is being given to advanced propulsion concepts suitable for “next-generation-and-a-half” vehicles. Rocketbased combined-cycle (RBCC) engines combining rocket and airbreathing elements are one cand...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tofu wastewater (TW) addition to the growth medium on the growth of Spirulina platensis. The TW addition was varied in range of 0 – 8 %v/v. The results showed that the growth rate (μ) of S. platensis at TW addition of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 %v/v was 0.007, 0.084, 0.074, 0.088, 0.086 mg/L/d, respectively. The medium with TW content of 6 %v/v (carbon:n...

Purpose: Rates of HIV infection among transgender women (TW) are higher than rates observed among men who have sex with men (MSM), and black or African American individuals are at a disproportionately higher risk for HIV than individuals of other races. Limited information, however, is available regarding the needs of black TW and their risk for HIV. Numerous scholarly works and surveillance re...

– Aging in spin glasses is analyzed via the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the heat transfer over a short time δt between system and heat bath. The PDF contains a Gaussian part, describing reversible fluctuations, and an exponential ’intermittent’ tail. We find that the relative weight of these two parts depends, for fixed δt on the ratio of the total sampling time t to the age tw. Fixin...

, . actiristics and constraint alritudes. Conditions which favor significant improvdent are: large thrust reserve at the constraint altitude, reasonably high lift-to-drag ratio, low constraint altitude, and low wing loading. The trajectory optimization algorithm, which is described in some detail, is especially efficient and may be useful in other applications. Wing area Time, (scaled) Thrust, ...

background: in order to improve the evaluation of possible rectal toxicity based on the rectal normal tissue complication probability (ntcp), we consider the fractional dependence of the ntcp on the wall thickness (tw) and rectal displacement (rm). materials and methods: the two-dimensional ntcp model (ntcp2d) was developed using radiotherapy plans of ten randomly selected patients with prostat...

Recent analysis of high resolution Chandra X-ray spectra has shown that the Ne/O abundance ratio is remarkably constant in stellar coronae. Based on this result, we point out the utility of the Ne/O ratio as a discriminant for accretionrelated X-rays from T Tauri stars, and for probing the measure of grain-depletion of the accreting material in the inner disk. We apply the Ne/O diagnostic to th...