The bipolar tunneling transport through p—i—n double barrier structures has been studied by means of simultaneous electrical transport measurements and electroluminescence spectroscopy. An “inverted” hysteresis loop is observed at the onset of the first electronic resonance in the current—voltage characteristics with an electrical ON/OFF ratio of more than two orders of magnitude. Relating the ...

With the massive increase in the population and, as a result of the expansion of the power grid, new problems such as loss power in network retaliation were created. So studies on this issue began. These studies led to the emergence of FACTs devices. The Flexible AC transmission System (FACTS) devices, such as, thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSC) may be used to enhance system perfor...

This paper presents an enhanced Genetic Algorithm (EGA) based approach to solve the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) with FACTS devices to eliminate line over loads in the system following single line outages. The optimizations are performed on two parameters: the location of the devices, and their values. Two different kinds of FACTS controllers are used for steady state studies: Thyristor Controlled ...

Many real-world optimization problems involve multiple conflicting objectives and the use of evolutionary algorithms to solve the problems has attracted much attention recently. This paper investigates the application of multi-objective optimization technique for the design of a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)-based controller to enhance the performance of a power system. The des...

Similar to AC system, the insulation system of DC system also gets affected. The HVDC station is a challenging environment for measurement of partial discharge level due to very high interference levels caused from the switching of thyristor-controlled converters. There is also significant interference from external air-corona due to high electric stress at the surface of conductors and hardwar...