Background and Objective: Hypothyroidism is a known consequence of the external beam radiotherapy to the neck encompassing the thyroid gland for over 40 years. The aim of this study was to find out the incidence of hypothyroidism in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy, when radia...

Hypothyroidism is a clinical state of thyroid hormone deficiency that may have a primary or secondary (central) cause. Primary hypothyroidism, which is more common than secondary hypothyroidism, is defined as failure of the thyroid gland to respond appropriately to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) produced in the anterior pituitary gland. Primary hypothyroidism can be caused by autoimmune dise...

AIM OF THE STUDY Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid gland is extremely rare. Infrequently, primary SCC of the thyroid gland is accompanied by other thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Recently, studies have demonstrated that differentiated thyroid cancer with coexisting HT has a better prognosis. However, the prognosis of patients with primary SCC of the thy...

OBJECTIVE To establish benchmarks and study some sonographic characteristics of the thyroid gland in a group of euthyroid children aged up to 5 years as compared with age-matched children with congenital hypothyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six children (17 female and 19 male) aged between 2 months and 5 years were divided into two groups - 23 euthyroid children and 13 children with c...

a 29-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) presented with palpitation and neck swelling. initial sonography showed an ill-defined hypoechoic lesion in the right thyroid gland, mentioning subacute thyroiditis. the patient received conservative care for one week. however, her neck swelling worsened and she complained of dyspnea. follow up sonography showed marked enlargement of b...

The thyroid gland is the first endocrine gland to start developing in the embryo. Morphological and structural developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland are relatively rare. Thyroid developmental anomalies (TDA) (excluding biochemical abnormalities) can be divided into three groups namely agenesis (or athyreosis), dysgenesis, and anomalies due to persistence of the thyroglossal tract (Jain a...

AIM The aim of this study was to describe the demographic characteristics and disease patterns among patients with thyroid nodular abnormalities (goiter) and benign tumors of the thyroid gland in Albania, a transitional country in South Eastern Europe. METHODS Our study included all patients diagnosed with goiter and/or benign tumors of the thyroid gland who were hospitalized at the Universit...

Introduction: The thyroid gland regulates the basal metabolic rate, somatic growth, and psychic growth. Hence, the thyroid gland plays a major role for the normal growth of a fetus during the prenatal period. It is the first endocrine gland which starts to develop by 24 days after fertilization. The aim of our study is to study the morphological and histological features of the thyroid gland in...

Introduction: Thyroid is an endocrine gland which affected by various types of pathology including non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions. The disease burden very high in costal areas India Himalaya areas. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) important mode initial diagnosis diseases the gland. study was conducted tribal Odisha to find clinical features cytomorphological finding thyroid. Me...

background and objective: hypothyroidism is a known consequence of the external beam radiotherapy to the neck encompassing the thyroid gland for over 40 years. the aim of this study was to find out the incidence of hypothyroidism in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy, when radiation portals included whole of the thyroid gland. materials and methods: this prospective no...