the performance of a decision making unit (dmu) can be evaluated in either across-sectional or a time-series manner, and data envelopment analysis (dea) is a useful method for both types of evaluation. the malmquist productivity index (mpi) evaluates the change in efficiency of a dmu between two time periods. it is defined as the product of the catch-up and frontier-shift terms. in this paper, ...

In every tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling project, there is an initial low production phase so-called the Learning Phase Period (LPP), in which low utilization is experienced and the operational parameters are adjusted to match the working conditions. LPP can be crucial in scheduling and evaluating the final project time and cost, especially for short tunnels for which it may constitute a ...

Real-Time Mach provides real-time thread and real-time synchronization facilities. A real-time thread can be created for a periodic or aperiodic activity with a timing constraint. Threads can be synchronized among them using a real-time version of the monitor based synchronization mechanism with a suitable locking protocol. In Real-Time Mach, we have implemented several locking policies, such a...

Many approaches have been developed so far to give an estimation of the upper bound of the end-to-end delay or the response-time for real time applications. There are two main approaches developed to perform this analysis. The first one is Liu and Layland theory, and gives which is called the worst-case response time for a given set of periodic sources. The second approach made by R. Cruz gives...

Introduction. Various studies have associated boredom in educational processes with a variety of negative effects. It is believed that caused by failure the environment to fulfill our need for motivation. Many tools (scales) been developed measure it. However, these scales are designed global boredom, is, at end process, not its stages. The present study seeks develop methodology evaluate effec...