References ▮J. F. Geweke., J. Am Stat Assoc., 1984. ▮S. M. Smith, et al., Neuroimage, 2011. ▮D. M. Barch, et al., Neuroimage, 2013. ▮L. Barnett, A. Seth., J. Neuro. Meth., 2015. ▮ Brain processes occur at diverse timescales, ranging from milliseconds to minutes. ▮ Understanding functional interactions at these different timescales is key to understanding how brain produces behavior. ▮ Granger-G...

I present new comparisons of AGN optical, UV, and X-ray variations. These reveal complex relationships between the different passbands that can change with time in a given object. While there is evidence from several objects that X-ray and optical activity levels are correlated on long timescales, variations on shorter timescales can occur independently. It is proposed that the combination of c...

A basic measure of an oscillator’s performance is its frequency stability (or instability depending on one’s point of view). In the long term (timescales of days or years), we refer to frequency changes as aging. On moderate timescales (seconds), the stability of an oscillator is often characterized in terms of its Allan variance [1]. On short timescales (usually less than one second), frequenc...