The fundamental role of ice particle collisions in the separation of electric charge and generation of lightning in thunderclouds is now reasonably well established (Latham, 1981; Williams, 1985; Saunders, 1995). Charge separation and lightning are also prevalent in volcanic eruptions. A recent literature survey by McNutt and Davis (2000), and its recent extension, has shown more than 150 incid...

This paper presents an efficient method based on physical laws to model volcanic clouds. Some physical models have been proposed for simulating volcanic clouds [Woods 1988], but most of the previous models are only two or less dimensional or need huge calculation times. Our approach achieves a physical, 3D and efficient modeling of volcanic clouds. The dynamics of volcanic clouds is modeled usi...

The 1285 m thick MIS core offers an invaluable opportunity to obtain a detailed record of volcanism in McMurdo Sound. Volcanic stratigraphy and preliminary petrologic data on volcanic rocks in the AND-1B core are reported here. Remarkable volcanic deposits include: a) a phonolitic pumice layer found at ≈85 mbsf which is not correlated to any known vent onshore; b) a black well sorted volcanic s...

the makran subduction zone in southeastern iran and southern pakistan is where the oceanic crust of the arabian plate (oman sea) is subducting beneath eurasia. compared to other subduction zones in the world, the makran subduction zone has some unusual features, including different seismicity patterns in its eastern and western parts. also, the quaternary volcanoes in the eastern part of makran...

Introduction Airborne volcanic ash is a major aviation, health, and infrastructure hazard. When ingested into aircraft engines, volcanic ash can cause engine damage or failure. For example, in December 1989, a 747 jetliner carrying 231 passengers encountered an ash cloud during an eruption of the Mount Redoubt volcano, located southwest of Anchorage, AK. Within 60 seconds of encountering the he...

Third Nephi 8 preserves a written account of a natural disaster at the time of Christ’s death that many assume to have been caused by volcanic activity. In a modernday science quest, the author examines research done on glacial ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. Ice-core records can reveal volcanic gases and ashes that are carried throughout the world—the gases are detected by measuring t...

the paper deals with the analysis of the external factor (solar activity, volcanic eruptions) influence on tree growth at the kola peninsula, northwestern russia. pinus sylvestris l. (scots pine) tree-ring chronologies collected nearby the northern timberline (68.63n, 33.25e) include the oldest (1445-2005 ad) living pine tree found up to date in the kola peninsula. a total of 18 living trees pi...

During the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in April– May 2010 multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements were performed at the CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory (CIAO), whenever weather conditions permitted observations. A methodology both for volcanic layer identification and accurate aerosol typing has been developed. This methodology relies on the multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements and the...