this paper seeks to understand the politician economy implications of nicotine addiction in iran, focusing on the us office of foreign asset control’s (ofac) awarding of iran operations licenses to american tobacco companies. presuming that tobacco taxes, levied both as import duties and ad valorem, would financially benefit the iranian government, such the introduction of a highly desired us p...

background: the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and effect of lifestyle factors on cigarette and hookah use among adult re sidents of shiraz, iran. methods: in 2010, 1,000 participants were recruited in a multistage, random sampling cross-sectional population-based survey. results: response rate was 98%. prevalence of cigarette smoking was 9.7%. among cigarette ...

objective: high prevalence of tobacco consumption in childbearing ages is an important topic of consideration as its ill effects have influences on fertility. worldwide studies have shown that general knowledge on fertility issues is low. aim of the current study was to assess tobacco harm knowledge and attitude in infertile couples referring to the avicenna center. materials and methods: this ...

background: tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable mortality. the prevalence of smoking in adolescents in high schools ranges from 23.5% to 41%, respectively. in colombia, these figures are similar and students entering the university are exposed to initiate smoking. the purpose of this study was to establish the determinants associated with the initiation of tobacco smoking among ...

one of the best strategies to control bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum (smith) is generally based on breeding resistant cultivars. the information obtained from the expression of plant defense genes will provide new insight for improving plant resistance against pathogens. this study was to identify inducible genes under defense no death (dnd) reaction of tobacco (nicotiana tabac...

conclusions the findings of this study indicated that all tpb variables are useful tools for prediction of the smoking behaviors among students. particularly, students’ perceived behavioral control and attitudes towards smoking were found to be important determinants of smoking intentions. thus, the findings could be used for planning effective tobacco control programs targeting university stud...

background: presently, the british-american tobacco company (bat) located in ibadan, oyo state is the only tobacco producing company in nigeria accounting for about nine different brands of cigarette tobacco smoked in the country. the tobacco leaves are produced from some farmlands located in oke-ogun area of ibadan where special fertilizers are used for the growing of the tobacco leaves. the u...

to assess the genetic diversity for morphological and agronomic traits in iranian oriental tobacco germplasm,100 oriental and semi-oriental tobacco genotypes from the urmieh tobacco research center collection were evaluated in the field using a simple square lattice design with two replications. some agronomic traits were measured on five randomly selected plants in each plot. genotypes were cl...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The prevalence of tobacco use and its associated mortality is increasing worldwide. Biomarkers in saliva, such as thiocyanate levels, have been shown to be a suitable indicator for smoking. The present study is conducted to determine the thiocyanate levels in saliva and compare them among tobacco (smoking and smokeless) users, passive smoker...

background: several epidemiological studies suggest that tobacco smoking increases the risk of oral cancer. no systematic review, however, has been reported to examine how consistent the evidence is across the studies. we undertook a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the magnitude relationship between tobacco smoking and oral cancer. methods: primary studies were identified...