the role of microbiota in health and disease is the subject of rigorous investigation. several studies have demonstrated that microbiota and the pattern-recognition receptors contribute to intestinal tumourigenesis; the exact mechanism of which is still obscure. myd88 is the downstream effector of all toll-like receptors (tlrs) except tlr3. however, the alternative myd88-independent pathway is ...

This paper addresses the toll pricing framework for the first-best pricing with logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) constraints. The first-best pricing is usually known as marginal-cost toll, which can be obtained by solving a traffic assignment problem based on the marginal cost functions. The marginal-cost toll, however, has rarely been implemented in practice, because it requires e...

toll-like receptor (tlr) 7 and 8 mediate anti-virus immunity and are of particular relevance to asthma. however, very little information about genetic association on tlr7/8 and asthma are available. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in tlr7 and 8 on asthma risk and asthma-related phenotypes in a chinese han population. we enrolled 462 unrelated adult asthmatic patients a...

We study a robust toll pricing problem where toll setters and users have different level of information when taking their decisions. Toll setters do not have full information on the costs of the network and rely on historical information when determining toll rates, whereas users decide on the path to use from origin to destination knowing toll rates and having, in addition, more accurate traff...

The innate immune system plays an important role in cerebral health and disease. In recent years the role of innate immune regulation by toll-like receptors in the brain has been highlighted. In this paper the expression of toll-like receptors and endogenous toll-like receptor ligands in the brain and their role in cerebral ischemia will be discussed. Further, the ability of systemic toll-like ...

There are huge amount of vehicles passing through Toll Gate Stations every day. The automatic toll booth would pay the toll automatically. In this system camera is used for capturing the image of the vehicles number plate. The captured image would be converted into the text using ANPR [1] and the toll would be cut from the user’s account and then the gate is opened. The system is divided into t...

Traffic congestion has been a worldwide problem in metropolitan areas all over the world. Toll-based traffic management is one of the most applicable solutions against freeway congestion. This research chooses two toll roads, the SR-167 HOT Lane and the SR-520 toll Bridge (i.e. Evergreen Point Bridge), as study sites for simulation testbed developments to evaluate the toll impact on freeway ope...

Inflammation is induced because of interplay among multiple signaling pathways and molecules during infectious and noninfectious tissue injuries. Crosstalk between Toll-like receptor-4 signaling and the neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein, major histocompatibility class 2 transcription activator, incompatibility locus protein from Podospora anserina, and telomerase-associated protein (NACHT), ...

Toll-like receptor 4 is a part of the innate immune system and recognizes Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. The goal of this study was to analyze the role of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms +896 (rs4986790) and +1196 (rs4986791) in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori related gastroduodenal diseases in relation to gastric secretion and inflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism...