INTRODUCTION Orthodontic tooth movement is fraught with risks and complications. Root resorption is the most frequent and important outcome which may arise due to inappropriate force magnitude or tooth movement into dense or altered bone. This study was aimed to demonstrate histologic changes in tooth roots following movement into a jaw region treated with synthetic bone substitute. Another obj...

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statement of the problem removal of impacted third molars is the most common oral surgical procedure. many investigators have questioned the necessity of removal in patients who are free of symptoms or associated pathologies. there are currently no data on the prevalence of impacted teeth and associated pathologies in the hamadani population. purpose the aim of this study was to assess the stat...

avulsion is a serious injury which causes damage to dental and supportive tissues, ranging from 1-16 % among dental injuries and it mostly occurs in maxillary incisors. this report presents a case of replantation of a traumatically avulsed central incisor. the left central incisor of an 8 year-old boy with open apex was avulsed and was left in unclean and dry conditions. tooth was replaced afte...

External apical root resorption is a common phenomenon associated with orthodontic treatment. The factors relevant to root resorption can be divided into biological and mechanical factors. Some mechanical and biological factors might be associated with an increased or decreased risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. For mechanical factors, the extensive tooth movement, root torqu...

tooth transplantation from one individual to another is a method of replacing missing teeth. this method can be used as an applicable clinical treatment technique due to its numerous advantages .there are different methods of tooth transplantation. among those, the safest and healthiest is transplantation of non-vital teeth or allostatic transplantation. in this method, the risk of antigenicity...

tooth avulsion is defined as the complete displacement of the tooth out of its alveolar socket. the treatment of choice is immediate replantation or if that is not possible, placement of the tooth in an appropriate storage media. this report presents replantation of an avulsed maxillary central incisor after 12 hours of storage in milk. the tooth was replanted and splinted. one week later, it w...