Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral diseases worldwide. Although the exact etiology of RAS remains unknown, a variety of topical and systemic preparations may be used for palliation or prevention. In most patients with RAS, topical agents, including over-the-counter preparations such as amlexanox, prescribed corticosteroids, or antimicrobial agents, are sufficient...

Melasma is a cosmetic disorder with profound psychological impact. Multiple therapies are available for melasma but no therapy the gold standard. The most of patients suffer from relapses and recurrences which force patient to opt over-the-counter medications containing topical steroids or indigenous medications. Use these has led emergence complicated cases refractory treatment. Along hyperpig...

BACKGROUND The REFINE study examined the efficacy and safety of adding topical corticosteroid therapy to etanercept when stepping down from the initial dose of etanercept to the maintenance dose. Clinical responses were shown to be similar in patients who remained on etanercept 50 mg twice weekly (BIW) and those who received etanercept 50 mg once weekly (QW) plus topical therapies through week ...

Pterygium is characterized by an elastic degeneration of the conjunctiva that extends across the limbos and invades the cornea. The recurrence rate is varied from 25-80% after primary closure to 6% with free conjunctival and Iimbal grafts. Several adjunctive therapies have been investigated for recurrent pte¬rygium. This article presents a 52-year-old athletic man who was seen for evaluation of...

Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 0.5% in the world population. Almost half of the patients with vitiligo present before 20 years of age. The two sexes are affected equally, and there are no apparent differences according to skin type or race.1,2 On histology, vitiligo is identified by the loss of epidermal melanocytes with absence of inflamma...

To the Editor: Despite advancements in our understanding of pathomechanism alopecia areata (AA), optimal therapies and means to predict treatment responses remain elusive. Cases AA with improvement after topical diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) immunotherapy antihistamine have been reported.1 Hence, we investigated role adjuvant antihistamines combination a corticosteroid (TC) superficial cryother...