We study the physical processes that create eroded channels and drainage networks by doing laboratory experiments. The apparatus consists of a sloping granular bed inside a 90 cm 119 cm 30 cm acrylic box. The granular material consists of 0.5 mm diameter glass beads. Water is fed from a reservoir in the back and the pressure is maintained at a constant level. The water seeps through the porous ...

Introduction: Gridview is a software application designed to aid researchers in their efforts to analyze, measure and visualize gridded data products such a planetary topography. While it was specifically designed to be used with Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data, it also functions well as to tool for analyzing other gridded data sets. It has been used by researchers and students to stud...

Introduction: Gridview (figure 1) is an IDL software application designed to aid researchers in their efforts to analyze, measure and visualize gridded data products such a planetary topography. While it was specifically designed to be used with Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data, it also functions well as a tool for analyzing other gridded data sets. It has been used by researchers and s...

Methods for identifying the size, or scale, of hillslopes and the extent of channel networks from digital elevation models (DEMs) are examined critically. We show that a constant critical support area, the method most commonly used at present for channel network extraction from DEMs, is more appropriate for depicting the hillslope/valley transition than for identifying channel heads. Analysis o...

The range of 3 ø by 3 ø regional slopes of the earth and Venus is similar (approximately 0.0ø-2.4ø); however, the surface distribution of these values differs significantly. On earth, cratonic and abyssal plains form extensive regions of 0.0 ø slope. Within these regions a variety of features (mid-ocean ridges, volcanic island chains, subduction zones, and folded mountains) have regional slope ...

Vineyards are amongst the most intensive forms of agriculture often resulting in simplified landscapes where semi-natural vegetation is restricted to small scattered patches. However, a tendency toward a more sustainable management is stimulating research on biodiversity in these poorly investigated agro-ecosystems. The main aim of this study was to test the effect on plant diversity of managem...

Byrd Glacier has one of the largest ice catchment areas in Antarctica, delivers more ice to the Ross Ice Shelf than any other ice stream, and is the fastest of these ice streams. A force balance, combined with a mass balance, demonstrates that stream flow in Byrd Glacier is transitional from sheet flow in East Antarctica to shelf flow in the Ross Ice Shelf. The longitudinal pulling stress, calc...

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Livestock trails frequently evolve in pastures when plant growth or establishment cannot keep pace with vegetation disturbance. In some instances, man-made trails are established in rangeland settings to encourage uniform use of forages or facilitate livestock passage through dense vegetation or across rugged terrain. A long-term assumption has been that livestock establish pathways of least re...