In practice, the elastic lateral-torsional buckling of doubly symmetric I-section steel members is analyzed assuming free warping at supports. However, welded stiffeners, bolted end-plate connections or column base plates maintain elastically opposite flange out-of-plane rotations and thus induce substantial restraints. This paper proposes analytical formulations for evaluation critical bending...

Steel angle sections are frequently employed in bracing systems or truss structures as single members built-up members. Angles may be coupled back-to-back to create Tee cruciform cross-sections. These sensitive torsional and flexural-torsional buckling due the cross-section shape fact that axial force not applied at shear centre. In this work, a comprehensive numerical investigation of behaviou...